Niccolo Machiavelli :: Papers

Niccolo Machiavelli Niccolo Machiavelli was conceived in Florence on 3 May 1469 during a period of extraordinary political action in Italy. His first job in quite a while came at the youthful age of twenty-nine when the decision system of Savonrola tumbled from power in his local city. Despite the fact that he had no past authoritative foundation, Machiavelli was selected to fill in as second chancellor of the Florentine Republic under the new government. His selection to this ground-breaking discretionary post was in huge part because of the amazing impact of the Italian humanists who focused on the requirement for training in the empathetic controls of Latin, talk, old style contemplates, old history and good way of thinking  ­ subjects in which Machiavelli exceeded expectations as an understudy. The situation of second chancellor included significant duties regarding the remote and discretionary relations of the republic and allowed Machiavelli the chance to travel and watch direct the victories and disappointments of pioneers all through Europe. It was from these encounters as a negotiator and represetative that Machiavelli framed profound feelings about the technique of compelling initiative. Undoubtedly, from his later works it is apparent that the establishment for a lot of his political way of thinking settled upon the exercises he drew from the discretionary and military occasions of his time. Machiavelli's first task was determined to the court of Louis XII of France to assuage the French head after a fiasco in their collusion against Pisa. He immediately discovered that Florence's feeling of its own significance was unmistakably at chances with the real factors of its military position and relative riches. To anybody taught in the school of present day majesty, his local government seemed wavering and powerless. Machiavelli acknowledged this humiliation and later expounded intensely on the political need of military quality, the threats of hesitation, the imprudence of seeming indecisive, and the requirement for strength, fierceness, and unmistakable force. A couple of years after the fact, in October of 1502, Machiavelli was sent to meet with Cesare Borgia, the duke of Romagna and a bold and compromising military force who later requested a proper union with the Florentines. It was during this season of extraordinary political disturbance and change in Italy that Machiavelli drew significant exercises from his perception and appraisal of contemporary statecraft.

Tourism and economic developement policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The travel industry and monetary developement arrangement - Essay Example ensive and broad research article basically and in a general sense digs profound into the focal points and difficulties of the base up way to deal with the travel industry improvement in impacting and reinforcing the financial development of the area. The verifiable and geographic setting of the travel industry advancement is likewise navigated in this examination, subsequently with top to bottom investigation into the financial and legislative contribution and criticalness and the general adequacy and advantage of practical the travel industry. In this setting the examination is focused on one of the most encouraging developing economies †India explicitly its province of West Bengal. Going back to the Roman Empire, the rich and the prosperous network just could stand to visit spots to enhance encounters, to overdo it in extravagance and relaxation, Baiae being one such coastline get-away spot. â€Å"Tourism† was authored in 1811 and â€Å"tourist† by 1840. Though in 1936 the â€Å"tourists† were intricately outlined by the then ‘League of Nations’ as one venturing outside of nation for at least twenty-four hours †which was changed by the United Nations toward the finish of World War II in 1945 and considered the travel industry as which extended for the timeframe of most extreme a half year. The idea of eco-the travel industry was started in 1989. In the current situation the travel industry is regarded to be the most quickly advancing and boundlessly extending worldwide business with an inexact development pace of 4 percent to 5 percent for every annum which is liable for 10% of worldwide GDP (WTO). The progressed just as rising countries have pulled in a colossal inundation of outside voyagers with a gauge of 760 million out of 2004 and another 1.6 billion foreseen by the World Tourism Organization (WTO 2005a) continuously 2020. With globalization and open-entryway approaches being actualized around the world, an ever increasing number of rising and propelling countries are turning into the hot tourists’ hot attractions since 1950 at which time there was a record flood of 25 million

Graduation Day free essay sample

hen I am approached to recall any extraordinary event that stuck in my brain and I recollect it constantly. The primary thing that gets into my brain is my secondary school graduation celebration. It was exceptional night, it might drift us a great deal of cash, yet it was fulfilled for some different reasons. It was in Jeddah Continual the standard hall, in the second of February. We giggled a great deal yet we cried the most. Following multi year, a significant number of us stood by enthusiastically for this second to respect and trust that their turn will go onto the phase to get their trinkets. At the point when it was our chance to turn up on the stage me and my class, we were all exceptionally upbeat. My companion was the class screen she demands all the instructors to ensure the trinkets were providing for the right understudy. I was the last one who got the gift from my instructor, Miss Rehab. We will compose a custom paper test on Graduation Day or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Class screens were to introduce a bundle from the class to their instructors. My companion determine me to held it up for her. I hold the bundle with both my hands and moved to her. We shook our hands and embraced marginally. I was very timid around then since I truly have consistently respected her. From that point forward, the class orchestrated themselves to turn up on the stage and yelled â€Å"we love you Miss Rehab†, before everybody returned to their seats, I wasn’t mindful that our class would accomplish something like this in light of the fact that different classes didn't do this to their educators. It was ungainly for a second however I was happy that we were extraordinary

4 Top Secrets to Professional Success for Millennials

4 Top Secrets to Professional Success for Millennials Like the Baby Boomers before us, the Millennials are quick turning into a significant power in the work environment. As we move onto profession ways from school and temporary positions, there are new difficulties to business as usual. However, how would we arrange those-and all the more critically, how would we help characterize what we need the workforce to be as we push ahead? 1. Manufacture Your Brand Like It’s Your Job.More than at any other time, online networking is a factor in employing. Watching out for what you put out there on Instagram, Vine, Twitter, and so forth is a fundamental method to deal with your expert picture. Offer substance pertinent to your field, and screen who’s reposting and connecting with you on that content. Also, for the silly/individual stuff? Set up a private record that’s only for you and your social group, and ensure it’s totally separate from your â€Å"Janie Smith, Marketer Extraordinaire† profile.2. Think Outsi de the 9-to-5 Box.One of the extremely important occasions for the Millennial age of laborers was the economy crash of 2008. More youthful laborers were regularly misplaced in the general chaos as occupations were cut everywhere. In any case, that wasn’t essentially fate it was a reminder that perhaps the standard 9-to-5 employment isn’t the best way to go. Numerous individuals can make their vocation fill in as consultants, low maintenance laborers while seeking after different chances, telecommuters, and other nontraditional representatives. Being adaptable might be the best alternative for you.Also, don’t delay to utilize non-paid understanding as a selling point on your resume. On the off chance that you got heavenly office interchanges during your entry level position, say as much. In the event that you created rockstar time the executives abilities during your volunteer gig, list it.3. Play the Long Game.Plan ahead. Retirement might be quite a while away, yet there’s a terrible part that can occur meanwhile. Be keen about budgetary arranging, yet in addition about whether you’ll need to have a family eventually, or go into business. The previous you begin calculating long haul objectives in to your arrangements, the simpler it will be to really gotten them under way when the time comes.4. Consider More Than Money.A lucrative employment in your picked field is The Dream†¦ who doesn’t need that? In any case, there may come when you have to consider whether different components are similarly as significant as the pay figure. Adaptable work game plans, excursion time, and the capacity to travel may wind up being similarly as brilliant to you as a somewhat higher paycheck.â Definitely think about your needs during any employing and exchange process.As Millennials face a special second in their vocation ways, you should consider it to be an opportunity to grab hold of the procedure and discover approaches to cre ate it (and yourself) into the expert world you’d like to see.

Understanding PTSD in Children

Understanding PTSD in Children PTSD Print Understanding PTSD in Children By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 29, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on April 28, 2019 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children In This Article Table of Contents Expand Diagnosing PTSD in Young Children Signs and Symptoms Risk Factors Tips for Parents and Caregivers View All Adults are certainly not the only ones who can experience PTSD after going through a traumatic event. Children and adolescents can experience the same emotional challenges and behavioral symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder as adults. More than two-thirds of children in the United States report having experienced at least one traumatic event by the age of 16 years old.?? Of children who experience trauma, it is estimated that about 16 percent will end up struggling with PTSD. Common examples of trauma that children and adolescents can experience include things like: Sexual abuse/rapeSchool violenceNatural disastersMilitary-family related stressorsSudden or violent loss of a loved oneNeglectSerious accidentsLife-threatening illnesses Illustration by JR Bee, Verywell Updates to PTSD Diagnosis The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5), is the most up-to-date version of the manual that clinical professionals use to diagnose mental health concerns. Not until this most recent revision were there specific criteria listed for diagnosing PTSD in children, specifically for children six years old or younger.?? As children continue to be exposed to traumatic events, it is important to recognize that they, too, can experience debilitating emotional challenges after going through trauma. Diagnosing PTSD in Young Children The general criteria for diagnosing PTSD applies to adults and any person over the age of six years old. The following are the new specific criteria outlined in the DSM-5 for the preschool specifier, or for those six years or younger.?? Criterion A Children under the age 6 have been exposed to an event involving real or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence in at least one of the following ways: The child directly experienced the event.The child witnessed the event, but this does not include events that were seen on television, in movies, or some other form of media.The child learned about a traumatic event that happened to a caregiver. Criterion B The presence of at least one of the following intrusive symptoms that are associated with the traumatic event and began after the event occurred: Recurring, spontaneous, and intrusive upsetting memories of the traumatic event, which can be expressed through playRecurring and upsetting dreams about the eventFlashbacks or some other dissociative response where the child feels or acts as if the event were happening again, which can be expressed through playStrong and long-lasting emotional distress after being reminded of the event or after encountering trauma-related cuesStrong physical reactions, like increased heart rate or sweating, to trauma-related reminders Criterion C The child exhibits at least one of the following avoidance symptoms or changes in his or her thoughts and mood. These symptoms must begin or worsen after the experience of the traumatic event. Avoidance of or the attempted avoidance of activities, places, or reminders that bring up thoughts about the traumatic event.Avoidance of or the attempted avoidance of people, conversations, or interpersonal situations that serve as reminders of the traumatic event.More frequent negative emotional states, such as fear, shame, or sadnessIncreased lack of interest in activities that used to be meaningful or fun.Social withdrawalReduced expression of positive emotions Criterion D The child experiences at least one of the below changes in his or her arousal or reactivity, and these changes began or worsened after the traumatic event: Increased irritable behavior or angry outbursts. This may include extreme temper tantrums.Hypervigilance, which consists of being on guard all the time and unable to relaxExaggerated startle responseDifficulties concentratingProblems with sleeping In addition to the above criteria, these symptoms need to have lasted at least one month and result in considerable distress or difficulties in relationships or with school behavior. The symptoms also cannot be better attributed to ingestion of a substance or to some other medical condition. Signs and Symptoms It is important to keep in mind that not all children who experience trauma will go on to develop PTSD.?? Although there are specific clinical criteria that need to be met in order for a child to be accurately diagnosed with PTSD, there are a variety of things that parents, caregivers, and other adults can look for in children if they suspect that a child might be struggling. If you see any of the following, or additional behaviors or symptoms that seem out of the norm for your child and are not listed here, it can be worth checking in with them to see if talking with a trained professional could be helpful. Exhibiting unusual behaviors doesnt mean your child has PTSD, but its important to be aware of possible warning signs, especially if your child has recently faced trauma of some kind. Preschool Cry or scream a lotEat poorly or lose weight due to loss of appetiteExperience nightmares or night terrorsExtraordinary fear of being separated from their parent or caregiver School Age Have a hard time concentrating at schoolDifficulty sleepingâ€"insomnia or nightmaresFeelings of guilt or shameAnxious or fearful in a variety of situations Teens Eating disordered behaviorsSelf-harmFeeling depressed or aloneBegin abusing alcohol or drugsEngage in risky sexual behaviorMake impulsive dangerous decisionsIsolating behaviors College Students Inability to concentrateMissing classesPoor gradesDissociative tendenciesWithdraw from relationshipsTrouble sleepingHyper aware of location and surroundingsOn edge much of the timeNegative thoughts and emotionsAvoiding things they used to enjoy Risk Factors Traumatic events that were life-threatening or caused physical harm can be a risk factor that influences the development of PTSD. Events that involve interpersonal violence, such as a physical attack, sexual abuse, or rape, are more likely to influence someone experiencing PTSD after their trauma. Research has shown that between 30 percent and 40 percent of children who experience physical or sexual abuse will end up developing PTSD. Characteristics of the Child As with adults, it is more common for someone to develop PTSD after a traumatic event when they have already been through a previous traumatic event. The emotional impact of trauma can have a cumulative effect, so even if a child didnt demonstrate PTSD symptoms after a previous traumatic experience, it is more likely that they will experience PTSD with each subsequent trauma. Girls are two to three times more likely than boys to develop PTSD after trauma. Some researchers suggest that this difference is due to the likelihood of girls being exposed to a traumatic eventâ€"such as sexual abuseâ€"earlier and more often than boys. Other elements to explain this difference in the rate of PTSD between girls and boys is still being researched. Children and teens who have a previous diagnosis of a mood or anxiety related disorder are more likely to develop PTSD after a traumatic event than those with no prior mental health diagnosis. Family Dynamics There are some characteristics within the family that can be influential factors in a child or teen developing PTSD. For example, parent reactions to trauma can be a risk factor for children.?? There are times when the entire family has experienced the traumatic event together and the children witness their parents demonstrating symptoms of PTSD. Alternatively, there are times when only the child has experienced the traumatic event but the parent still develops symptoms of PTSD. Children and teens with greater social support have been shown to be less likely to develop PTSD after a traumatic event. Although social support primarily involves parents and caregivers, the benefits of social support can include teachers and peers as well. Since many people who struggle with PTSD tend to do so in isolation, the secure and safe connections with others can help minimize the lonely feelings and the opportunities to isolate. Responses to the Event The following cognitive and emotional responses to the traumatic event have been shown to influence the development of PTSD in children and teens: Anger about the eventRepetitive thinking about the event (ruminating)Avoidance and suppression of the trauma related thoughtsDissociation during or after the eventHigher heart rate at time of hospitalization if required due to injury during the event Tips for Parents and Caregivers Although we cannot always prevent our children from traumatic experiences, there are certain things that parents and caregivers can do to help their child find the support and resources they need to experience healing. Education Educating yourself on the signs and symptoms that can show up at various stages of development can be helpful. Often children do not want to open up about their experience due to feelings of guilt and shame. By noticing behaviors or symptoms that seem different or out of the norm for your child, you can create opportunities for children to open up about their experience. The safer a child feels to be free of judgment or criticism, the likelier they are to become more open about their experience and the struggles they are having. Finding Resources Take time to find resources. Many schools, from preschool programs to college campuses, can offer resources for students struggling with PTSD.?? If they dont offer the resources themselves, they can certainly help to connect you with appropriate programs in your area. Children sometimes dont understand what they need and are looking to adults to help guide the way. If you are uncertain where to begin, you can start with contacting the school or even speaking with your pediatrician or other healthcare provider. Treatment Keep an open mind about treatment. It is highly likely that your child will be encouraged to participate in counseling services as part of their treatment for PTSD. This can feel uncomfortable for parents and caregivers, especially if the child has not been in counseling before. Share concerns with the therapist and make sure to ask questions about what your child can expect in treatment and any ways that you can be of help. You may be asked to sit in and participate in sessions as well. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs Medication Depending on the situation and the age of your child, medication may also be discussed as part of treatment.?? It is important that medications be monitored closely by the prescribing professional. Making sure that your child is taking their medication as scheduled, and sharing with you any adverse reactions or experiences as a result of taking the medication, is critical.

Medieval Philosophies essay

Medieval Philosophies The article Medieval Philosophies What Are They, and Why? by Georgy Gereby sheds more light to the notion of medieval philosophy. The author shows that the subject under discussion is not as simple as one may think at first glance. It has particular problems and difficulties on different levels. First, the term is problematic. It appears that it is complicated to define the term because of chronological and geographical aspects. One of the problems the researchers face is that the time framework of the Middle Ages is rather blurred. There are different versions about the beginning of this period. Second, the historical approaches are flawed. It seems that each historian has their own understanding of the Middle Ages and its philosophy. After all, the readers get to know that medieval philosophy is not strictly determinated chronologically, geographically, historically, and conceptually (Gereby 173). The problematic context of the medieval philosophy reveals the main question of the article. The author wonders if the philosophy of the Middle Ages existed at all. On the one hand, Gereby assumes that the philosophy requires some freedom of reason. On the other hand, he acknowledges that in the Middle Ages the Christian Church restricted the free use of reason. Thus, Christianity appeared to dominate medieval philosophy. Therefore, the author claims that the medieval philosophy was a religious philosophy. He supports his claim with the objectivation of Harry Wolfson and presents the main counterargument of Bertram Russell. Besides, Gereby shows the similarities and differences between theology and philosophy. According to him, philosophy used to be independent as a science, but closely related to theology. Comparison between different opinions leads him to the answer to his question. Gereby concludes that there was a philosophy in the Middle Ages, though to realize it, knowledge of the entire context is necessary. Thus, the article expands the readers vision on the essence of medieval philosophy. I learned a lot from reading the article. First, I got to know that there are three branches of medieval philosophy: Jewish, Christian and Islamic. Before, I had been familiar only with the Christian medieval philosophy and I had never heard of the Jewish one. I learned that although these three branches shared a common heritage in science, Judaism and Christianity had a profound impact on medieval philosophy. The approach of an author explains a lot, namely, how the debates were possible between philosophers and why traditional philosophers did not appear at that time. Second, I learned why theology is a science. Before that, I have never considered it one. To me, it was more about faith than about theoretical framework and principles. After reading this article, I have changed my mind. I see the logic in the argumentation of Thomas Aquinas. He effectively harmonizes faith and reason. Of course, philosophy and theology are different. Philosophy is based on the human mind, and theology is inspired by revelation. Still, both philosophy and theology refer to the truth and reality. Third, I learned that the medieval philosophy is not simple. I thought I had known a lot about the philosophy of that period, because I used to read about it in the books. Now I know that I lack competency in this field. Furthermore, currently I notice many uncertainties in the course of history and logical fallacies in argumentations. I suppose that there is no universal truth in science even if it claims there is. The universal opinion on the medieval philosophy period has not been achieved. Also, the essence of medieval philosophy remains blurred. I see that both Aquinas and Russell may be right, therefore, the reliability of scientific knowledge is relative. Order custom essay from EliteWritings.com

How The Beliefs, Values And Attitudes Of The Nurse May Impact Upon The Provision Of Person-centred Care - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2431 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Medicine Essay Type Critical essay Level High school Did you like this example? Provide a critical analysis of how the beliefs, values and attitudes of the nurse may impact upon the provision of person-centred care Introduction The person-centred care approach focuses holistically on the patient as an individual, rather than their diagnosis or symptoms, and ensures that their needs and choices are heard and respected. According to Draper Tetley (2013: n.p.), person-centred care is defined as an approach to nursing that focuses on the individuals personal needs, wants, desires and goals, so that they become central to their care and the nursing process. This can mean putting the persons needs, as they define them, above those identified as priorities by healthcare professionals. Theoretically, this is an achievable aim à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" nursesas a matter of principle should provide care that respects the diversity of the values, needs, choices and preferences of those in their care à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" but how can any incongruity between the values, beliefs and attitudes of the patient and those of the nurse be reconciled? Is it inevitable that this dissonance will have a negative impact on the quality of person-centred care being provided? This essay will examine the beliefs, values and attitudes of nurses planning and delivering person-centred care, and the impact these issues can have on the provision of that care. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How The Beliefs, Values And Attitudes Of The Nurse May Impact Upon The Provision Of Person-centred Care" essay for you Create order Nurses are expected to practice in a caring, knowledgeable, professional, courteous and non-judgemental manner, and the majority do this as a matter of principle, displaying unconditional positive regard for their patients at all times. However, values, beliefs and attitudes are, of course, subjective to each individual, and in the context of delivering person-centred nursing care, it is important to identify those that are holistic and therapeutic, rather than focussing only on those that are not. According to Brink Skott (2013), some diagnoses lead to preconceptions about the individuals receiving them, which subsequently negatively influence their care and treatment. This can be particularly evident in the case of mental illness, which is often mired in stigma, fear, ignorance and discrimination. Research undertaken by Chambers et al (2010: pp. 350) found that Stigma on the part of mental health professionals affects the quality of care provided for those with mental health problems, as well as their rates of recovery. Although nurses working within the field of mental health will obviously have more developed skills and knowledge in this subject than those in other specialities of nursing, it is not inconceivable that nurses may harbour some preconceptions about mental illnesses and those diagnosed with them, which may impact on how positively they deliver care to those patients. Those requiring treatment for alcohol abuse or substance misuse may also experience a less empathetic experience in the care of nurses, who may feel that the condition is self-inflicted, or that resources may be better utilised elsewhere. This attitude may be even more prevalent in cases of liver transplant due to alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver, when there may be a misplaced belief that another recipient is more deserving of the organ. Other morbidities which can be perceived as having a self-inflicted element (e.g. obesity, smoking-related illnesses, type-II diabetes, add ictions) also have the potential to be perceived negatively by nursing staff, who may lack an appropriate level of empathy and compassion, or make assumptions and pre-conceptions about these patients based on their diagnoses. In a similar manner, patients attempting suicide or deliberately self-harming, may experience stigma, a lack of sympathy and a lack of understanding from nursing staff, especially if the nurse managing their care is also involved in the care of patients suffering from serious illnesses or conditions. Caring for patients attending accident and emergency departments due to para-suicide or deliberate self-harm can evoke extremely negative emotions and attitudes amongst the nursing staff caring for them. Nurses working with such patients report experiencing high levels of ambivalence and frustration. Additionally, deliberately self-harming patients may evoke negative attitudes such as anxiety, anger, and lack of empathy (Ouzouni Nakakis 2013). A suicidal patien t voicing their desire to end their life is expressing a wish. However, in the context of person-centred care, it would be difficult to agree that this wish should be considered as a person-centred need. This could be a source of conflict, difficulty and dissonance as balancing the needs and wishes of the patient in this situation, contradicts entirely the nurses duty of care. In such circumstances, it could be argued that the care provided cannot be person-centred, as it is not in line with the patients wishes. Obviously it would be neither legal nor ethical for the nurse to allow a suicidal patient to actively attempt to end their life whilst under their care, or to comply with the patients wishes not to receive treatment if suicide had been attempted. Similar ethical considerations may also influence the treatment of patients undergoing procedures to terminate pregnancy, and may negatively influence the extent to which the care received by the patient is truly person-centred. There have been well-documented cases of nurses refusing to assist with these procedures, or to treat patients who have undergone them post-operatively. Predominantly such cases arise due to a conflict with the religious beliefs, moral convictions and ethical stance of the nurses being asked to assist with these procedures. The Nursing Midwifery Council (2015) states that Nurses and midwives must at all times keep to the principles contained within The Code: Professional standards of practice and behaviour of nurses and midwives (2015: n.p.). This code states that nurses and midwives who have a conscientious objection must tell colleagues, their manager and the person receiving care that they have a conscientious objection to a particular procedure. They must arrange for a suitably qualified colleague to take over responsibility for that persons care. Nurses and midwives may lawfully have conscientious objections in two areas only. Firstly, Article 4(1) of the Abortion Act 1967 (Scotland, England and Wales). This provision allows nurses and midwives to refuse to participate in the process of treatment which results in the termination of a pregnancy because they have a conscientious objection, except where it is necessary to save the life or prevent grave permanent injury to the physical or mental health of a pregnant woman. Secondly, Article 38 of the Human and Fertilisation and Embryology Act (1990). This provision allows nurses and midwives the right to refuse to participate in technological procedures to achieve conception and pregnancy because they have a conscientious objection. This is a highly contentious and emotive issue, and one which attracts much ongoing debate and argument, and is significant as it can be asked at what point does a nurses own beliefs and values take precedence over their responsibility and duty to care for their patients needs, whatever they might be? Should nurses be permitted to refuse to participate in care procedures that contradict their values or beliefs, or to refuse to provide care to those they deem undeserving? Does this set a worrying precedent for other contentious procedures to be added to the list (gender reassignment surgery for example)? It could be argued that the nurses first responsibility should be their duty of care to their patient, and this surely requires them to take a holistic and person-centred view; a view that should not be clouded by the nurses own values system or moral standpoint. The aspects of person-centred care discussed so far in this essay have been those of a contentious and perhaps, more exceptional nature. However, the more routine, day-to-day aspects of nursing are also susceptible to the influence of nurses values, beliefs and attitudes negatively impacting on the quality of person-centred care provision. Giving patients a greater degree of autonomy over their care can lead to some discord as nurses may feel that their professional expertise is being disregar ded, and may be concerned that patients informed opinions and decisions about their care may be detrimental to recovery or good health. This could lead to nurses adopting a didactic attitude in the belief that they know best, when the patient is equally certain that their decision is the right one for them. Nurses must always ensure that they are viewing the patient as a whole person, and not merely an illness or condition to be treated or managed, as this can lead to ambivalence as nurses attempt to reconcile their desire to deliver effective, evidenced-based care, knowing that patients stated wishes or preferences are contrary to this aim. However, if the patient is deemed to have capacity to make informed decisions about their care and treatment, with all the facts at their disposal, nurses must accept this if good, person-centred care is to be delivered (NHS Choices 2014). In the event that the patient does not have the capacity to make informed decisions (e.g. patients sufferin g from more advanced forms of dementia), then any known pre-morbid preferences and choices should be documented and adhered to where this is practicable. There is always a danger that individuals with dementia receive care that is task-orientated rather than person-centred. Again, nurses may make assumptions regarding what is best for the patient, rather than respecting their choices and preferences. One of the easiest ways to ensure that care is person-centred is to gather collateral about each patient prior to care or treatment commencing, so a more rounded picture can be formed. This is particularly important when dealing with people from diverse cultural backgrounds, as lack of cultural understanding and tolerance can lead to damaging misconceptions, misunderstandings and unintentional offence, which will not engender good person-centred care. Having some knowledge of patients history and background prior to treatment can be a useful tool in terms of developing appropriate ca re. The flip-side to this however is that unhelpful stereotypes or prejudices may be formed by nursing staff, based on the current or historical background of the patient. Gender (including gender identify), race, age, religious affiliation, employment status, marital status, and educational and socio-economic background can lead to assumptions (both positive and negative) being formed by nursing staff. Whilst the majority of nurses will treat their patients with unconditional positive regard and courtesy, regardless of issues that may be at odds with their own beliefs, values and attitudes, there will always be a minority who will be affected by such issues, and who will allow it to influence the care they provide. The scale of this issue is difficult to quantify, due to a lack of available evidence-based research, but it could be said that one nurse whose attitude negatively impacts on person-centred care is one nurse too many. Conclusion We have explored some of the more contentious issues that can and do arise when nurses beliefs, values and attitudes do not correspond with those of their patients, and have examined the potential impact this can have on the quality of person-centred care provided. As little research has been carried out into this subject, it is not possible to quantify the scale of the problem, nor to accurately identify where it is most prevalent. However, it is safe to say that the dichotomy between delivering truly person-centred care, whilst reconciling challenges to the nurses own core beliefs and values is not one easily solved. Modern nurses are extensively trained and highly skilled professionals, with a wider remit and range of responsibilities than their predecessors. They are however fundamentally human, with the same character flaws and failings as anyone else. It is a completely human trait to be influenced by the information we perceive or receive about others, and everyone has innat e beliefs and value systems and, whether we like it or not, innate prejudices. Although it would seem logical that professional nurses have a well-developed sense of understanding and equality, they also deal with a magnitude of very diverse people on a daily basis, generally having very limited time with each. Despite this, the majority of nurses deliver excellent, patient-focussed and person-centred care as a matter of course. Unfortunately there will always be a minority who do not. Nurse education programmes are constantly evolving to meet the shifting demands of health care, so it can only be hoped that recognising, challenging and improving unhelpful attitudes becomes an accepted part of nurse education, and becomes core to person-centred care provision. References/Bibliography: Baker J., Richards A. Campbell M. (2005). Nursing attitudes towards acute mental health care: development of a measurement tool. Journal of Advances Nursing. (49) (5) pp. 522-529. Brink E. Skott C. (2013). Caring about symptoms in person-centred care. Open Journal of Nursing (3) pp. 563-567. Chambers M., Guise V., VÃÆ' ¤limÃÆ' ¤ki M., Botelho M., Scott A., StaniulienÃÆ' © V. Zanotti R. (2010). Nurses attitudes to mental illness: A comparison of a sample of nurses from five European countries. International Journal of Nursing Studies. (47) (3) pp. 350-362. Dorsen C. (2012). An integrative review of nurse attitudes towards lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender patients. The Canadian Journal of Nursing Research. (44) (3) pp. 8-43. Draper J. Tetley J. (2013). The importance of person-centred approaches to nursing care. The Open University. (Online). Available: https://www.open.edu/openlearn/body-mind/health/nursing/the-Importance-person-centred-approaches-nur sing-care. Last accessed 4 April 2015. Flagg A. (2015). The Role of Patient-Centered Care in Nursing. Nursing Clinics of North America. (50) (1) pp. 75-86. Hunter P., Hadjistavropoulos T., Smythe W., Malloy D., Kaasalainen S. Williams J. (2013). The Personhood in Dementia Questionnaire (PDQ): Establishing an association between beliefs about personhood and health providers approaches to person-centred care. Journal of Aging Studies. (27) (3) pp. 276-287. N.H.S. U.K. (2014). Consent to Treatment. N.H.S. Choices (Online). Available: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/consent-to-treatment/pages/introduction.aspx. Last accessed 5 Apr 2015 N.H.S. U.K. (2014). Assessing Capacity. N.H.S. Choices (Online). Available: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/consent-to-treatment/pages/capacity.aspx. Last accessed 5 Apr 2015. N.M.C. (2015). Conscientious objection by nurses and midwives. Nursing Midwifery Council (Online). Available: https://www.nmc-uk.org/The-Code/Conscientious-objection-by -nurses-and-midwives-/. Last accessed 5 Apr 2015. Ouzouni C. Nakakis K. (2013). Nurses attitudes towards attempted suicide. Health Science Journal. (7) (1) pp. 120. Roberts G., Morley C., Walters W., Malta S. Doyle C. (2015). Caring for people with dementia in residential aged care: Successes with a composite person-centered care model featuring Montessori-based activities. Geriatric Nursing. (36) (2) pp.106-110. UK Government. (1967). Abortion Act 1967 (Scotland, England and Wales). The National Archives. (Online). Available: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1967/87. Last accessed 5 Apr 2015. UK Government. (1990). Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990. The National Archives. (Online). Available: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1990/37/section/38. Last accessed 5 Apr 2015. Wood L., Birtel M., Alsawy S., Pyle M. Morrison A. (2014). Public perceptions of stigma towards people with schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety. Psychiatry Research. (220) (1-2 ), pp. 604-608. Yun-e L., Norman I. While A. (2012). Nurses attitudes towards older people: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies. (50) (9) pp.1271à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"1282.

The end - 6477 Words

House on Mango Street Study Question Key â€Å"The House on Mango Street† (section 1) 1. Esperanza is the narrator of this story. What is her attitude toward the house on Mongo Street? -She does not like the house. It is not their dream house. It is falling apart. The family owns this house, so they are no longer subject to the whims of landlords, and at the old apartment, a nun made Esperanza feel ashamed about where she lived. The house on Mango Street is an improvement, but it is still not the house that Esperanza wants to point out as hers. 2. What is the dream house that Esperanza describes? What does it show about her? -A house with stairs, running water, rooms for everyone. The dream house shows that Esperanza and her†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Our Good Day† (section 6) 1. Who says, â€Å"If you give me five dollars I will be your friend forever?† -Rachel 2. There are two reasons for the five-dollar request. What are the reasons? -For a new bike and for friendship 3. Why does Esperanza agree to do it, and why is $5 cheap? -She really wants a friend. $5 is not a lot for 2 friends. 4. Why does Esperanza like Rachel and her sister Lucy? -Lucy and Rachel are Chicana sisters whose family is from Texas, and when Esperanza is embarrassed to tell her new friends her name, they dont laugh at it or find it unusual. 5. Describe the sister’s clothing? -They were wearing their black Sunday shoes without socks. Etc. 6. Why does Esperanza agree if she knows it â€Å"will make [Cathy] mad forever†? -Cathy does not want Esperanza to have anything to do with Lucy and Rachel, explaining that they â€Å"smell like a broom.† Lucy and Rachel are more similar to Esperanza than Cathy is. 7. Why is the ride back â€Å"crooked†? -All three girls were riding the bike together. â€Å"Laughter† (section 7) 1. Why is the laughter of Esperanza and her friends â€Å"like a pile of dishes breaking†? -Esperanza and her sister are characterized with this type of laugh. It shows what the two have in common. 2. Why does the house â€Å"feel right† to Esperanza? -It reminds her of the houses in Mexico. 3. Why does Nenny agree, and how does her reaction bring Nenny and EsperanzaShow MoreRelatedJourneys End by R.C Sherriff.1739 Words   |  7 PagesHow does Journeys End show the effects of war on the men involved? Journeys End is a play about British soldiers in World War One, and the effects the war has on them, both physically and mentally. The play explores many aspects of war life, including friendship, alcoholism, class boundaries and the lifestyle of the men in the trenches. This essay explores how the play shows the effects of war on those involved, looking at use of dialogue, lighting, props and other key dramatic devices. The essayRead MoreEnd of the World Essay examples2245 Words   |  9 PagesDo you expect the world to end? Will humans leave the world to another life form soon? These questions have plagued man since his inception on this planet. Humans have, in every culture, have made predictions of how and when the world will end. We have done this either through religion or just average men or women who say they have the sight to see the future. Do we consider religion false and seers charlatans? We must first look at the worlds myths about the end of the world, or as is called fromRead MoreStrange Meeting And Journey s End1231 Words   |  5 PagesStrange Meeting and Journey’s End both share similar aspects. Both the texts are set in the First World War and depict in depth what it would be like to be a soldier at the time as well as displaying the endless strife that the soldiers had to endure for four long years. In Journeys End, Sheriff portrays many different emotions through the central character ‘Captain Stanhope’ and similarly in Strange Meeting, Susan Hill does the same with ‘John Hilliard’. In this essay I will compare and contrastRead More Journeys End by RC Sheriff Essay2240 Words   |  9 Pages20th Century Drama - The name of this play is Journeys End, written by R. C. Sherriff. Introduction The name of this play is Journeys End, written by R. C. Sherriff. The play was first preformed on a Sunday night in December 1928. By 1929 it was being shown at the Savoy Theatre where it ran for two years. Later I will be studying the characters of Stanhope and Osborne, and how they link in with the title Journeys End, and I will also examine the idea of journeys. I will also studyRead More Journeys End by R.C. Sheriff Essay2400 Words   |  10 Pages Journeys End by R.C. Sheriff R. C. Sherriff created characters that aid the audiences understanding of war through their emotions and dialogue. Each character generates an intensive atmosphere and prompts differing emotions and thoughts from the audience, expressing different feelings and reactions towards war, which all aggregate to the same thing, the fear that they are all going to die sooner than later. The play was written to make people contemplate the futility of war. WorldRead MoreEssay on Howards End by E. M. Forster1272 Words   |  6 PagesHowards End by E. M. Forster Howards End by E. M. Forster deals with the conflict of class distinctions and human relationships. The quintessence of the main theme of this lovely novel is: Only connect!†¦Only connect the prose and passion†¦and human love will be seen at its height. Live in fragments no longer. This excerpt represents the main idea that Forster carries through the book: relationships, not social status, are--or at least should be--the most important thing for people.HowardsRead More Arthur C. Clarkes Childhoods End Essay1556 Words   |  7 PagesArthur C. Clarkes Childhoods End One could never believe that such a piece as Arthur C. Clarkes Childhoods End, was written nearly 50 years ago. The story itself was far ahead of its time and will probably remain so forever. There are some who dislike or would rather not read science-fiction because of its highly idealistic writing and plot outlines. This novel is the greatest Ive read of science-fiction as of yet. Taking consideration into the fact that I am a novice science-fictionRead MoreFinding Balance: Howards End Argumentative Essay1495 Words   |  6 Pages Throughout the novel Howards End, E.M. Forster presents readers with a multitude of extremes, ranging from femininity vs masculinity, passion vs practicality, and maturity vs immaturity. These extremes appear to be completely irreconcilable. However, upon a closer look, it becomes apparent that Forster’s main point in describing these extremes is to work to bring them together, uniting them in one middle ground, or finding balance and proportion. This is accomplished through the behaviorRead MoreEnd Poverty And Economic Opportunities Of Our Times1731 Words   |  7 PagesEnd poverty and economic opportunities of our times. Jeffrey D. Sachs. 2006. Press, London. . XVIII pp + 397 US $ 16.00, ISBN: 0-14- 303658-0, Paperback. In a controversial book of the same, when in the macro-analysis of the current global economic crisis of the circle of things, helps the policies of development economist Jeffrey Sachs has failed, to the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank in the Eastern bloc and the Third World. Based on numerous trips, counseling governments, and badRead More Importance of Osborne in Journeys End by R.C Sheriff Essay1160 Words   |  5 PagesImportance of Osborne in Journeys End by R.C Sheriff From the very beginning of the play, Sheriff suggests to the audience that Osborne is the father figure and therefore that he is the voice of reason to the other men. We find out that Osborne is a middle-aged man with iron-grey hair. Osborne however is physically in very good shape and is a tall, thin man who is physically as hard as nails. As Raleigh enters the audience sees a kind, caring side to Osborne. Sheriff

The Atrocities and Liberation of Concentration Camps

The Atrocities and Liberation of Concentration Camps If you combine sadistic Nazi soldiers, a license to kill, and twenty-six million people whom they took their aggression out on, you have the Holocaust. From torture to murder, the concentration camp prisoners experienced almost every despicably, inhumane act one can imagine. Hitler s Nazis will never be able to justify this ultimate example of cruelty and unfairness. Although the Holocaust occurred nearly seventy years ago, the world will never fail to remember the horrible acts that were committed against millions of innocent people in concentration camps. Whether the camps establishments were for labor purposes, or simply because Hitler†¦show more content†¦Next, every bit of their hair was shaved off with electric razors and shearing machines. That hair was used to make clothing that the guards and their dogs would wear. To finish off this disinfecting process, the deportees were then taken into a shower room and were immersed in a phenol solution. Those who lived, for many had died because they weren t able to stand or became unconscious, were given wool rags to wear and wooden sandals that caused inflammation. Paper clothing that the deportees had made was taken, and some had resorted to trading in their food for clothing, only to have it confiscated shortly afterward (Whissen 5-13). Housing assignments for the prisoners were then issued. The prisoners barracks, which were designed to house half the people who were stuffed into them, were filthy and full of vermin, as one of the women assigned to them stated: When we arrived, the sleeping accommodations appeared to be quite nice; the beds had been neatly made, and on each straw mattress there was a small, blue-white coverlet that was almost pretty. But unfortunately our contentment did not last long. When we turned down the corner of the coverlet, we saw that the mattresses and covers were crawling with vermin. My blanket was filthy. (Inside the Concentration Camps 14) Even though theseShow MoreRelatedAmerica s Concentration Camps During World War II1262 Words   |  6 PagesHumanities 2323 section 002 December 2, 2014 Word count: 1262 American G.I.’s in Concentration Camps During World War II the atrocities committed by the Nazis were so violent, and so reprehensible that Germany is still trying to make amends for them to this very day. I decided to do my final paper on just one specific group of people terrorized by the Nazis in their concentration camps, American GI’s. These GI’s were sent to a camp known as Buchenwald. The off shoot of Buchenwald was known as Berga. BergaRead MoreElie Wiesel: A Holocaust Survivor723 Words   |  3 Pagesidentified himself as a devout Jew training in his studies of Kabbalah. When he first arrived at the camp, he refuses to eat his first prison meal, but he later regrets this decision as he realizes that â€Å"[he] was terribly hungry and swallowed [his] ration on the spot† (Wiesel, Night 44). Wiesel had to eat whenever food is available because if not, he would no longer be the devout, young Jew he was prior to the camp. A dentist was assigned to take out gold crowns for Germany’s benefi t, but Wiesel intentionallyRead MoreNight, Schindlers List, and The Diary of Anne Frank Essay1250 Words   |  5 PagesNight, Schindlers List, and The Diary of Anne Frank The Holocaust was the most horrific time that man has known. To survive this atrocity, the Holocaust victims man upon man atrocity, one had to summon bravery, strength, courage, and wisdom that many did not know they possessed. One survivor is Elie Wiesel, whose exquisite writings have revealed the world of horror suffered by the Jewish people. Elie Wiesels statement, ...to remain silent and indifferent is the greatest sin of all...Read MoreNazi Organization in World War Ii859 Words   |  4 Pagespolitical enemies. The concentration camps meticulously kept records of its prisoners: Ethnicity, who they were, why they were imprisoned, and other facts and figures. As the regime turned towards mass killings as its solution to the â€Å"Jewish Question†, Nazi’s began the systematic killing of Jews in concentration camps. The Nazi obsession of organizing ethnicities reflects Nazi superiority and racism, as they saw many ethnicities to be used for exploitation in labor c amps. The Nazi obsession of dataRead MoreThe Holocaust : An Special Incident958 Words   |  4 PagesOver the last two and a half millennia, the Jewish people have faced hardship and intolerance from various groups living beside them. A number of historians however believe that of all the atrocities committed against the Jewish people, none parallel the Holocaust. While these historians believe that the Holocaust was a unique occurrence, history rejects this notion of Nazi anti-semitism being an special incident. Disregarding preceding events, most notably the enslavement of the Jewish peopleRead MoreThe Holocaust During World War II927 Words   |  4 Pageswhen their nations were at war. Many ordinary citizens lost their lives as a result of the war, just as soldiers did. While some survivors simply lived out their post war lives, others survived and influenced the world. One person who survived the atrocities of the Holocaust during World War II and used his experiences to improve social, political, and religious conditions throughout the world, is Elie Wiesel. Through the words of Elie Wiesel, the public can witness the evils of war, keep these memoriesRead More The Book Thief: Concentration Camps and Death Marches2669 Words   |  11 Pages Two main concepts World War II is remembered for are the concentration camps and the marches. These marches and camps were deadly to many yet powerful to others. However, to most citizens near camps or marches, they were insignificant and often i gnored. In The Book Thief, author Markus Zusak introduces marches and camps similar to Dachau to demonstrate how citizens of nearby communities were oblivious to the suffering in those camps during the Holocaust. Much of The Book Thief revolved aroundRead MoreJoseph Frankl s Man s Search For Meaning1657 Words   |  7 Pagesperspective regarding the collective experiences of concentration camp victims and humanity’s inherent morality indicates a deeper belief about human autonomy. Even through the lens of the tribulation of the Holocaust, and individuals’ reactions to it, Frankl believes that humanity’s greatest asset is its potential to choose its attitude and affirms that this is crucial to finding meaning in one’s life. The first phase of experiencing the concentration camps as described by Frankl is characterized by numbnessRead MoreThe Holocaust in Germany1341 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, which has turned my life into one long night, seven times cursed and seven times sealed....Never shall I forget those moments which murdered my God and my soul and turned my dreams to dust. Never shall I forget these things, even if I am condemned to live as long as God Himself. Never.† This quotation, taken from Elie Wiesel’s Night, sums up the unspeakable horrors of the Holocaust and the terrible experiences of those who lived throughRead More Faith Destroyed in Eliezer Wiesel’s Night Essay986 Words   |  4 PagesWiesel strings along the events that took him through the Holocaust until they form one of the most riveting, shocking, and grimly realistic tales ever told of history’s most famous horror story. In Night, Wiesel r eveals the intense impact that concentration camps had on his life, not through grisly details but in correlation with his lost faith in God and the human conscience. Elie Wiesel’s God is more than a substantial part of his life. When Elie first introduces himself in his novel, he describes

Conflict Resolution At Blessing Hospital - 1431 Words

Conflict Resolution at Blessing Hospital Conflict occurs in every setting of everyday life. Whether it is between a co-worker, someone that is seen in passing, or even with a complete stranger. Most of the time, resolution will occur with a conflict, in order to de-escalate the situation, especially in a health care setting. This helps the outcome for those involved, along with the care that is provided to patients. As simple-minded as it may sound, some conflicts are not resolved, which in turn, affects the care that is provided to patients within the hospital setting. Conflicts occur in stages, involve collaboration to resolve, and need rationale in order to help everyone overcome them. Types and Stages of Conflicts Conflicts can†¦show more content†¦Conflict occurs in different stages. According to Finkelman, (2013) there is felt conflict, latent conflict, perceived conflict, and manifested conflict. Latent conflict involved anticipation of conflict. Perceived conflict is a stage that requires recognition that a conflict exists while felt conflict occurs when individuals have feelings about conflict. Manifest conflict occurs when the conflict is overt. The mentioned example showed a true definition of a felt conflict. Both Nurse A and B became emotional and anticipated the conflict. They both went on with their plans, feeling upset and angered about the conflict that had occurred. The attitudes and anger clung with the nurses and it was very evident throughout the rest of the shift. Patient care was lessened on night shift due to the lack of communication between the nurses and aid. Nurse A left work mad and carried her mood home to her family. Resolving Conflict With Collaboration Collaboration, especially in this situation could have caused both nurses and the aid to avoid the conflict all together. Day shift tends to be more hectic than night shift, therefore, each could haveShow MoreRelatedEssay on Changing Womens Roles1570 Words   |  7 Pagesmodel they both came up with a declaration of their own called the Declaration of Sentiments that demanded that the rights of women as right-bearing individuals be acknowledged and respected by society. As a result of this meeting came a series of resolutions that demanded the increase of womens rights, which includes better employment oppurtunities and educational as well as the right to vote. After slavery was abolished in 1865 she shifted her efforts towards the African Americans right to vote. Read MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Fault Of Our Stars 2915 Words   |  12 Pages Conflict (Problem – underline your action verb. No names – no plot elements.) A girl struggles to figure out how to live her life with lung cancer when she meets a boy whom she falls in love. Conflict Resolution (How was the problem resolved? Refer back to your conflict statement.) They are happy together until the boy’s cancer returns which then kills him, but she realizes after his passing that what they had was worth the pain of him dying. Summary (As it relates to the conflict. MustRead MoreSolutions to the Niger Delta Problems in Nigeria4181 Words   |  17 Pagesenvironmental pollution in the Niger Delta coupled with the utter neglect by the oil companies, have contributed to impoverish the citizens of the area. Over 50 per cent of the 70,000 square kilometres of the territory has neither motorable roads nor hospitals. There are at least three refineries and two petrochemical plants, yet fuel stations are not available in about 50 per cent of the area. Furthermore, gas thermal stations in the Niger Delta account for about 50% of Nigeria’s electricity supply;Read MoreReligion and The Bosnian Genocide†¨: Did religion play a significant role in the Bosnia Genocide? 3031 Words   |  13 Pagesthe same Slavonic tongue, but their written language and cultures reflected their religious affiliations. Those who did not follow any religious preference during the war were affiliated with their religious backgrounds. Age old ethnic-religious conflicts resurfaced after the separation of Yugoslavia. The separation created an ethnic-religious battle predominantly between the Christian Orthodox Serbs and the Bosnian Muslims. Acts of violence require legitimation, and religion and religious leadersRead MoreBlood Diamond Research7747 Words   |  31 Pagesordinary people. Diamonds are a symbol for wea lth, elegance, love, and power. Centuries ago, they were also a symbol of courage, invincibility and strength. What is less commonly known is that these stones are also a symbol of terror and death. Conflicts arise from the mining of these gems; many people have died and many are perhaps still dying because of the mining of these precious stones. The Discovery of Diamonds Although the exact date in unclear, the first diamond discovery in Africa wasRead MoreEchose4505 Words   |  19 Pagesto interact with a wide variety of people, including inventors, corporate board members, executives from many different companies, physicians, and insurance providers. On a daily basis, I actively engage with sales people, distribution partners, hospital executives, national and international breast cancer researchers and clinicians, and breast cancer patients—as well as survivors. Consequently, I experience an appreciation for both ecclesiastical ministries and workplace service. III. 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According to Assocham, 19% of corporates allow employees to access such sites for business purposes, while a mere 16% allow limited personal use. Dr Vasant Mundra, consultant psychiatrist with Hinduja Hospital said theres no denying the positive benefits of the internet. On the other hand, being constantly logged online and indulging in faceless communication is detrimental to ones health, he said. Dr Rajendra Barve, psychiatrist and HRD trainer

Walls Book Review Free Essays

THEO 330-D03 Walls â€Å"Do you ever have the feeling that you are missing out on something important? † Ryan starts. â€Å"It’s Probably because you are. † (Loc. We will write a custom essay sample on Walls Book Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now 247) Many of us are missing out on all God has for our life. What is keeping us from living the life God intends? Walls– separating us from the greatness God has destined for us. We get stuck plateauing in our spiritual progress, seeming to come to a screeching halt with our growth in the Lord. This is the issue Rush begins to portray in his book, Walls. Rush paints a wonderful picture of how we, as Christians, are to live authentic lives. He provides much Biblical insight in this book to help us break the walls holding us back. We might overcome these stumbling blocks by learning to trust and chase after our Creator with all we have. Only then, He will begin to unveil His plan and promises. One of the greatest quotes of this book, is Ryan’s definition of a wall. He describes them as, â€Å"an unhealthy mind-set that keeps you from living life as God has intended. † (Loc. 453) These bricks, slowly laid down over time, can consist of negative thoughts, sins, doubts, and bitterness against our God. There are no quick fixes in breaking these walls. He says that we need decision, self-control, and a plan in order to get through. In order to break the wall, Rush describes, we need to be able to recognize that the wall is there. Throughout the book, Rush does a great job and telling the people what to do. He really lays down plans and ideas that can get you closer to breaking through. He gives us many tools and actions to help us. We are told to make a plan, to have self-control, and make decisions to break the walls. Rush really emphasizes on the different types of walls we might see. He names almost a dozen different walls and how we are stuck behind them. He always ended with emphasis on our decision is what keeps us locked up behind them. â€Å"Everybody is stuck, but nobody has to be,† he names the chapter. One of the only issues, that I had found, was we were not given specific instruction about how to use these tools. He tells us we need to plan, but unfortunately, we do not se how to formulate such a plan. He tells us to use a hammer, but we do not know the specifics to using it. He gives us the keys to use the wrecking ball, but we receive no instruction to operate the crane. Without knowing how to operate the equipment, we are very unlikely to excavate these barriers–especially if you are the type-a kind of person. We need detailed instruction on how we are to begin the process, continue the process, and end the process of demolition. The positive aspect of this, would be that each reader has to learn from experience on how to succeed. We typically cannot cross these barriers in such short time. Applying this book to my life has been a great experience. I have been struggling much with different walls in my life. Pride has definitely been one of the most prevalent in my observation. I see that over time, I have built a wall brick by brick. Creating these barriers do not usually happen overnight, but they seem to be a progressive construction– they take quite a bit of time. I just remember, in my own life, that after a year of keeping my guard down, I looked up and saw a giant wall that I never realized was there. If we aren’t careful, then we will slowly build a wall that can keep us enclosed for way too long and seem near impossible to break through. What we need to realize, is that we have to see that the wall is there and that you built it. This was one of the hardest steps for me. We have to decide to tear down the wall. This is a ton of work! Unfortunately, if you begin to procrastinate the demolition, there is a good chance that the wall will continue to grow. We can’t just start hitting the wall with a hammer; we have to plan the demolition. If we just swing aimlessly, there is a slim chance that we will knock it down. We have to know where to hit, what to use, and how to prevent it from building back. Throughout this book, I have learned much about demolition that I have used in my own life. I am so glad that I was blessed to read this book; it was a great help! How to cite Walls Book Review, Essay examples

External Environment Analysis of Airline Industry free essay sample

Demographic 1. Age Elders aged 50 and above tend to have more time to travel around with their friends as they had already retired. The time is more flexible comparing with young generation-working groups and students. Working groups and students can only travel during holidays. 2. Education When the people are more educated; they have the ability to get more income. Therefore, they will be more affordable to travel. 3. Occupation Employees who work in multinational company often travel to other countries for the business purpose could be the important customer in airline industry. 4. PopulationHigh interest rate in a country encourages people to save money in the bank to gain a high interest return. People will travel less when the interest rate is high; inversely, people will travel more when the interest rate is low. 5. Gross Domestic Production (GDP) High GDP indicates high income of a country. People will likely travelling when their country has a higher GDP. We will write a custom essay sample on External Environment Analysis of Airline Industry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Social cultural 1. Races People will travel back home country to celebrate their own festivals such as Deepavali, Christmas, Chinese New Year and etc.Thus, it increases the sale transactions for airline industry during different festivals. 2. Exchange of sociocultural Nowadays, people tends to exchange sociocultural through networking. Hence, they also invite friends to visit their home countries. For instance, student from China will invite friends in Malaysia travelling in China. 3. Weather/ Season The various weathers/ seasons around the world prompt the visit from other countries. For example, Malaysian attracted by the different season in European as Malaysia is a tropical country. 4. Changes in lifestyleIn pace with the improvement of lifestyle, people incline to travel instead of striving to save money to guarantee their future in the past forty years. Political/Legal 1. Fuel subsidy Fuel subsidies provided by government will affect the price of airline tickets. Malaysia Government cuts the fuel subsidies will increase the cost of travelling. Hence, it will reduce the demand for airline services. 2. Flight requirement Government participates in regulating airfares range and sets flyable destination for airlines in order to control the competition.For example, in order to operate airline business, AirAsia Airline, MAS Airline and other airlines have to meet certain flight requirement. 3. Government requirement Every country has their own requirement to the immigrants or tourists. For example, it might be difficult to get a working visa or travelling visa of United States as the government sets policies. This reduced tourists from visiting United States. Technological 1. In-Flight Technology High-tech device provided to passengers is one of the issues that may influence the airline industry.For example, power outlets, in-flight internet, satellite phone services are provided by United Airlines to the passengers, especially business passengers will increase the interest of consumers. 2. Websites Internet is an essential tool of browsing and accessing information. The services such as online-booking, checking-in online, check flight available time online and etc. are the basic facility that an airline must provide to their passengers. 3. Modern AircraftIn order to provide comfortable seats to passengers, the model of planes should be keep modernized. It may also load more passengers with modern aircraft. Global 1. Health Issue Health issue in a country might affect local airlines businesses. For example, International Air Transport Association had reported there are 10% reduced in the number of air passengers worldwide due to the influenza A H1N1. 2. International Governmental Issue Diplomatic relations between countries, stability of local government are also the element influencing the airline industry.For example, demonstration in Bangkok, Thailand had harmed the safety of tourist; the tension between South Korea and North Korea become the considerations of visiting. Physical Environment 1. Natural Disaster Natural disaster such as the Japan hit by 8. 9 magnitude earthquakes and the high radiation released become the primary consideration for people who plan to travel to Japan. It would seriously affect the airline tickets to Japan. 2. Location The airports normally located near metropolitan city, which the strategic location could bring convenience to the customers.

Mortgage Broker Real Estate Investment

Question: Discuss about the Mortgage Broker for Real Estate Investment. Answer: Borrowers Details Andrew Bisset and Jane Bisset Andrew has been in the Real Estate business for more than twenty years. Jointly with his wife Jane, the couple have a family trust The Bisset Family Trust. This family trust owns six shops at 55 Park Road, Belmont, valued at $1,450,000 about two years ago. Currently, these shops are under pledge with ABZ Bank and the trust owes $625,000 to the bank. Five of these shops are rented out and the sixth one is occupied by Andrew from where he conducts his real estate business under the name Bissets Real Estate Pty. Ltd, say Baum Baum, (2015). Andrew draws an annual salary of $78,000 from the company but Jane has stopped active participation in the business from this financial year. In the previous financial year, when Andrew and Hooper were partners, Jane worked as Property Manager drawing an annual salary of $43,000, whereas Andrew got $55,000 as his share from the partnership business, as per Baum Baum, (2015). Background Bissets Real Estate Pty. Ltd. This company was floated by Andrew at the beginning of last financial year. Andrew and Jane are the two directors and this came into being after Andrews former partner Joseph Hooper retired out of the partnership business. Andrew has more than 22 years of experience in the real estate business and during this period he has been dealing in properties in the South East area of Brisbane, assert Erp Akkermans (ed.), (2012). His speciality is in the Commercial and Industrial properties, both for rent as well as sale assistance, though the rent component is more than 75%. The existing six shops which the Bissets now own in the Shopping Centre situated at 55 Park Road, Belmont QLD 4171 have a combined area of 1850 m2 and the area has been zoned as Commercial by the authorities. Presently, these six shops are rented out, the details of the contract, the tenants and their terms are listed below. Although the terms of tenancy are, in all cases, above one year, Andrew has put a clause of revie wing the rents every year in accordance with CPI, as detailed by McFarlane, Hopkins Nield, (2012). Tenant Rent Term Review J R Blend T/A Blend News $22,000 pa net 3 + 3 years Annually by CPI Copelin Accounting Pty Ltd $18,000 pa net 1 + 1 + 1 years Annually by CPI R Spragos T/A Rogers Dell $28,000 pa net 5 + 5 years Annually by CPI Vu Nguyen T/A Care Pharmacy $20,000 pa net 3 + 3 years Annually by CPI M Goodson T/A Good Alterations $8,000 pa net 3 + 3 years Annually by CPI Bissets Real Estate Pty Ltd $42,000 pa net 3 + 3 years Annually by CPI Loan Purpose The main purpose of availing this loan by the Bissets is to develop a shopping centre on a vacant piece of land admeasuring 3000 m2 which is close to the commercial centre where they already own six shops. Although the land is presently marked as Special Purpose Zone, the local council in its new development policy has agreed to mark it as Commercial Purpose Zone but it may take another two years for the policy to be notified. The Bissets have already have a commercial loan from their regular banker, the ABZ Bank but unfortunately ABZ Bank does not finance properties marked under the Special Purpose Zone. Hence, Bissets approached me to make arrangements with a private investor for a loan of $625,000 to purchase this land which they have contracted for $600,000 and whose settlement is due in 60 days. Bissets also require $25,000 to cover the cost of stamp duty and will be buying the land in the name of The Bisset family Trust, as explained by McFarlane, Hopkins Nield, (2012). Facility Details I have outlined below the process for arranging the finance for meeting the requirements of my clients. The timing of the whole process will depend on the flow and availability of information and provided the lender does not find any complexity in the contract documents, the process can be completed in about 7 working days to get approval of unconditional finance. A further time of one week is required for preparing the loan contract and settlement to be ready, asserts Hinkel, (2010). Process Provide the clients with the Proposal Documents, including my recommendations. Complete the application and submit it to the lender. After the Lender has conducted the credit check and assessed the application, it will confirm its approval and accordingly I will inform the client The lender will ask for a valuation report from a valuer and will advise me or you directly, to expect a call from the valuer for verification of contract documents, asserts King, (2015). As soon as the Valuer gives the report and it is found in order by the lender, the lender will advise to prepare documents for the disbursal of the loan amount. Subsequently, I will meet you and we will go through the loan approval documents in order to ensure that there are no errors. We will prepare answers to queries, if any, posed by the lender and then will sign the contract document, with you as the borrowers and I acting as the witness, as per King, (2015). Funds Position Andrew and Jane Bissets Joint Financial Information ASSETS Owned house 12 Currumbin Close, Carindale QLD $560,000 Share Portfolio of Blue Chip Listed Cos. $345,000 Motor Vehicles $60,000 Furniture $85,000 Cash at Bank $45,000 Total Assets $1,095,000 LIABILITIES Home Loan with ABZ Bank $190,000 ABZ Bank Credit Card (with limit of $20,000) $10,000 Total Liabilities $200,000 NET SURPLUS $895,000 Income Statement of Bissets Real Estate (Partnership) Gross Revenue $422,000 Net Profit $84,000 Depreciation $16,000 Directors Super Contribution $11,000 Income Statement of Bissets Real Estate Pty Ltd Gross Revenue $346,000 Net Profit $72,000 Depreciation $14,000 Directors Super Contribution $11,000 Income Statement of Bissets Family Trust Gross Rental Income $138,000 Loan Interest $52,000 Management Fees (paid to Bissets Real Estate Pty Ltd $11,000 Net Profit $50,000 Depreciation $25,000 Financial Position of Bissets Real Estate Pty Ltd ASSETS Business Goodwill $250,000 Plant Equipment $35,000 Debtors $30,000 Total Assets $315,000 LIBILITIES ABZ Bank Overdraft Limit $25,000 (Limit of $40,000 secured by residence) NET SURPLUS $290,000 Servicing Capacity The serviceability calculations have taken into consideration the Debt Servicing Ratio and the Net Cash Position of the companies and finds them strong enough for servicing the fresh loan. The Bissets are taking this loan to expand their property network. The conversion of this land will be possible in about 24 months and the Bissets are prepared to wait. Keeping the lending policies of the lenders in view, the serviceability assessment of Bissets has been done by taking into account the lower income options, as explained by Megarry et al, (2012). Security Bissets are offering their six shops as well as the new project which they will develop on the purchased land as collateral security for the borrowed amount. Calculating on the basis of 10% interest charged by the lender, the outgo of the Bissets will be $60,000 p.a. on the new loan. Taking into account their current rental income and also the proposed income from the new project, serviceability of the loan will not be difficult for the Bissets, as per Sexton Bogusz, (2013). Risk Assessment The Bissets have a long and successful history of managing a property business and have established a solid base of clients who will offer them a steady flow of business, as detailed by Ashworth Perera, (2015). Recommendations This recommendation is based on the Bissets having An impeccable credit history A reliable business practice Retain sufficient cash surplus The potential to increase business income Maintained a stable growth Attachments Documents Attached Serviceability Assessment Copy of Contract Document for the land Evidence of Bissets income Details of Bissets cash and bank Detailed statements of Bissets loan and overdraft from ABZ Bank Mortgage broker Part a: the client MEMO Date: 27/06/2016 From: John Stone, Mortgage Broker To: Ray Henley and Steve Manning, Directors in Henman Holdings Pty. Ltd. Subject: Commercial Equipment Finance: Information and Documents Required Hi Ray Steve, I am pleased to accept my appointment as your agent for arranging finance to purchase commercial equipment for your business expansion. Ive listed below my requirement of supporting documents and information to complete the loan application. Asset Liability Statements of the companies in which you are the directors. Copy of your drivers licence Current residential address and period there Previous residential address(if any) and period there Name of spouses their age and number Number of dependents Details of other personal or investment income Copies of your and the trading entities past two years tax returns ACN ABN details of both companies Copy of Trust Deed and Trust ABN details Accountant name and address Solicitor name address Evidence of cash at bank and fund sources Evidence of Superannuation funds Copies of other existing leases I am including my financing recommendations and the process to be followed for your kind perusal and consideration, as ascertained by King, (2015). Proposal Document Initial Fact Find The applicants are in the transport business for many years, each having served as Financial Controller of transport companies of repute. Ray hold a MBA degree and Steve has a Marketing degree. Ray is married to a school teacher and Steve is single. Both have no dependents. Steve is pursuing a degree in HR, which they think shall be useful in their expanding business, asserts Hinkel, (2010). They wish to purchase new Trucks and Dog Trailers for their planned expansion and have already taken a second depot on a monthly charge of $6,000. The Process I have outlined below the process for arranging the finance for your fresh requirements. The timing of the whole process will depend on the flow and availability of information from your end. Provided the lender does not find any complexity in the contract documents, the process can be completed in about 7 working days for giving approval of the unconditional finance. A further time of one week is required for preparing the loan contract and settlement to be ready, as detailed by McFarlane, Hopkins Nield, (2012). Provide the clients with the Proposal Documents, including my recommendations. Complete the application and submit it to the lender. After the Lender has conducted the credit check, assessed the application, it will confirm its approval and accordingly I or my office will inform you. The lender will ask a valuer for the valuation report and will advise me or you directly, to expect a call from the valuer for verification of documents. As soon as the valuer gives the report and it is found in order by the lender, he will immediately advise me about the unconditional approval of the loan amount and I shall pass this advice immediately to you. Subsequently, I will meet you and we jointly go through the unconditional loan approval contract documents in order to ensure that there are no errors. We will prepare answers to any queries, if posed by the lender and then will sign the contract document, with you as the borrowers and I acting as the witness, as per King, (2015). Part B: The Lender Borrowers Details Ray Henman and Steve Manning are directors of Henman Transport Pty. Ltd., a company engaged in the business of transportation. They have recently floated Henman Holdings Pty. Ltd ATF The Henman Discretionary Trust which will be the holding company of the transport business being run by Henman Transport Pty. Ltd. and will be the borrowing company for the new finance facility being asked for expansion, assert Megarry et al, (2012). Background The company, floated two years ago, with seed capital loan of $500,000 from a private investor, already maintains a depot, employs 5 permanent employees and takes the services of sub-contractors for extra manpower requirements, as per Megarry et al, (2012). Borrowers Financial Information Year 1 Sales $700,000 Net Profit $240,000 Year 2 Sales $812,000 Net Profit $358,000 Current Year (10 month period) Sales $1,125,000 Net Profit $506,000 Operating Costs Annual salary to Ray $100,000 (fully franked) Annual salary to Steve $100,000 (fully franked) Depreciation $86,000 Interest $52,000 Sub-Contractors $71,000 Directors Super Contribution $60,000 Annual Fee to Private Investor $45,000 Existing Equipment Repayments $5,000 (Per Month) Borrowers Finance Requirement $500,000 for buying new Trucks and Dog Trailers. The loan will be repayable in 48 months with full refund of Input GST Credits as additional repayments specified in the contract, assert Sexton Bogusz, (2013). Borrowers Security Borrowers will be offering the new equipment being bought as collateral security for the borrowed amount. In addition, the borrowers are agreeable to enter into a tripartite contract for sharing their receipts with the lender through an Escrow Account, as detailed by Erp Akkermans (ed.), (2012). Borrowers Serviceability The borrowers are expanding their service network so that an impending risk in one market segment does not affect their business potential. The purchase of new equipment will be spread over a period of 12 months and is intended to take place on a need basis or where an existing equipment needs to be replaced. Keeping the lending policies of the lenders in view, the serviceability assessment has been based taking into account the lower income options. The serviceability calculations have taken into consideration the Debt Servicing Ratio and the Net Cash Position of the companies and finds them strong enough for servicing the fresh loan, explain Baum Baum, (2015). Risk Assessment The borrowers have been in the transport for a long period and have established a solid base of clients offering them a steady flow of business. The promoters have also been cautious in averting financial risks by keeping their employee strength to the minimum and taking the services of sub-contractors on a need basis, say Ashworth Perera, (2015). Recommendation This recommendation is based on the borrowers having impeccable credit history good past business experience retain sufficient cash surplus the potential to increase business income maintained a stable growth Documents Attached Serviceability Assessment Copy of Performa Invoices Evidence of the borrowers incomes Details of borrowers cash and bank Details of borrowers recent credit card statement List of References Ashworth, A. and Perera, S. 2015, Cost Studies of Buildings (6th ed.). Routledge, Oxon. Baum, A. and Baum, Prof A. (2015) Real Estate Investment: A Strategic Approach (3rd ed.). Routledge, Oxon. Erp, S. van and Akkermans, B. (ed.). 2012, Cases, Materials and Text on Property Law. Bloomsbury Publishing, London. Hinkel, D. F. 2010, Practical Real Estate Law (6th ed.). Cengage Learning, Boca Raton, FL. King, S. 2015, Beginning Land Law. Routledge, Oxon. McFarlane, B., Hopkins, N. and Nield, S. 2012, Land Law: Text, Cases, and Materials. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Megarry, R., Wade, W., Harpum, C., Bridge, S. and Dixon, M. J. 2012, The Law of Real Property (8th ed). Sweet Maxwell, New York. Sexton, R. and Bogusz, B. 2013, Complete Land Law: Text, Cases, and Materials. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

An Essay For College Application

An Essay For College ApplicationStudents who are seeking admission to a particular college or university need to prepare a sample college application essay. An essay, particularly an essay for admission to college, will help the student to show his or her overall capability and commitment to learning. Students who have to write an essay in college should realize that they need to use academic writing skills as well as their personal qualities. The essay should be written in a tone that is true to the character of the student.Writing an essay can be tough; therefore, it is important that a student selects a topic that is easy to write about and not too ambitious or too technical. Having a clear idea of the type of college application essay is important, since the school or university wants to select the best applicant for the post.A sample college application essay should deal with the necessary topics such as experiences, interests, and other personal information. It should also incl ude points regarding one's qualifications and educational background. Most applicants should have an excellent academic record in high school, college, or university.It is important that students remember that even though they will be asked to write an essay, they do not necessarily have to write something that is very long. They can include several paragraphs instead. But it should be at least five pages long. It is also vital that the essay address the important issues on the admissions list.The student must be aware that the importance of academic composition skills is very important. Students who are academically weak will probably receive lower scores than the students who excel in this area. However, academic writing skills and aptitude will always be an advantage. Therefore, students who have yet to reach their potential should not feel embarrassed if they have some reading difficulties.A sample college application essay, while containing a lot of personal information, should not be too detailed. It should contain the important information that the students need to apply. Therefore, although the student should still try to avoid using heavy academic jargon, he or she should not be overly technical either.The most important point in an essay is that it should be submitted as soon as possible. This is to allow a student to make improvements and to determine whether or not he or she has made progress toward the college admissions. The school or university will only consider the essay if it is received by the deadline, as it may not be accepted if it is left until the last minute.

Legal and Ethical Issues free essay sample

Legal Ethical issues brought upon SNC Lavalin since 2011 / Recommendations (Fabien) Internal issue: In March 2012, SNC-Lavalin released the results of an internal review showing the company cannot properly account for $56 million in payments directed by former executive vice-president Riadh Ben Aissa and signed off on by CEO Pierre Duhaime. The CEOs authorization of these payments did not comply with the agents policy and therefore was in breach of the code (of ethics), the companys internal review found. To this day, these missing funds could not be linked to specific transactions or countries. Libyan issues In July 2011, Consultant Cyndy Vanier is flown by SNC-Lavalin on a fact-finding expedition to Libya during the NATO mission to report on the companys many projects and the conditions for employees. In Nov 2011, Cyndy Vanier and SNC- Lavalin vice-president Stephane Roy will be arrested in Mexico. They were charged with organized crime, falsifying documents, and the intent to smuggle humans. We will write a custom essay sample on Legal and Ethical Issues or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The plan was to smuggle the son of Lybian dictator, Saadi Gadhafi, out of Niger to Mexico with fake documents. As a result of these investigations, SNC-Lavalin dismisses Consultant Cyndy Vanier, Vice-President Stephane Roy, Ben Aissa, executive vice-president Riadh Ben Aissa, CEO Pierre Duhaime for violating the company Code of ethics. May 2012: Swiss prosecutors have arrested Riadh Ben Aissa, a former SNC-Lavalin Group Inc. executive vice-president, for business-related corrupt practices, fraud and money-laundering in North Africa. Tunisian issues May 2012: A Tunisian businessman accused Quebecs SNC-Lavalin of soliciting bribery, claiming he was shut out of the bidding for a contract after refusing to pay off a senior official in the companys North African branch. May 2013: RCMP search warrant document alleges that SNC-Lavalin paid nearly $6- million to the son-in-law of Tunisias president between 2001 and 2010 to win contracts in the North African country. The payments in question were made at a period when a variety of major contracts were awarded to SNC-Lavalin in Tunisia. Swiss authorities uncovered the Tunisian payments as part of an investigation into corruption and money laundering. Mr. Ben Aissa, Executive Vice-President for SNC Lavalin, was detained in Switzerland Bangladesh issues: June 2011: The Dhaka Daily Star reported that SNC-Lavalin offered large bribes to at least six influential Bangladeshi officials, including two former government ministers, to obtain a lucrative bridge contract Oct 2011: The offices of contractor SNC Lavalin were raided by Canadian authorities over allegations of corruption in the bidding process for a IJS$ 2. 9 billion bridge project in Bangladesh. Among the officials allegedly bribed by the Montreal based company was then communications minister Syed Abul Hossain, who now heads the department of Information and Communications Technology. The others are former state minister for foreign affairs Abul Hasan Chowdhury; former secretary of the bridges division of the communications ministry Mosharraf Hossain Bhuiyan; Rafiqul Islam, exdirector of Padma Multipurpose Bridge project, along with three businessmen working on the project. The accusations of bribery prompted the World Bank to suspend a IJS$I . 2 billion loan and temporarily barred the SNC-Lavalin subsidiary from bidding on other contracts in the country. Sept 2013: A former senior SNC-Lavalin Group Inc. xecutive, Kevin Wallace, who versaw the companys bid to supervise the construction of a six-kilometre bridge in Bangladesh a project that is stalled amid allegations of corruption has been charged criminally under Canadas foreign bribery law Montreal Issues: March 2012 SNCs former chief executive, Pierre Duhaime, faced multiple charges in connection with an alleged $22. 5-million bribe that police say was funnelled to hospital administrators to ensure the compa ny won the contract to build the McGill University Health Centre. Nov 2012: The Quebec police charged CEO Pierre Duhaime who resigned in March ith fraud, reportedly in connection with a contract to build and design a new $1. 3- billion super hospital in Montreal Recommendations to fix issues: Recommandations that SNC Lavalin is considering as the results of their own investigations: The appointment of Compliance Officers to the Companys business units and regional hubs around the world. Part of a comprehensive, risk-based compliance organization, the officers will report directly to SNC-Lavalins Chief compliance issues whenever and wherever they may arise across the Company. An Code of Ethics for SNC-Lavalins 34,000 employees around the world. A component of SNC-Lavalins overall compliance policy, the code should provides a concise overview of the Companys approach to addressing and mitigating corruption risk in daily business activities. It outlines acceptable and unacceptable conduct in a user- friendly manner, while reaffirming the importance of compliance with applicable laws and SNC-Lavalins recently enhanced Code of Ethics and Business Conduct. A new policy governing engagements with business partners: The policy must set out rinciples and due diligence procedures to be observed before entering into an agreement with any and all parties who will act on behalf of SNC-Lavalin. The Policy will help ensure the Company deals solely with people or entities of integrity and in good standing with the business community, and which possess the necessary background, reputation and qualifications for the service(s) provided. Personal Compliance Training for all employees, with a special focus on those working in functions known to expose employees to a higher level of corruption risk. Provided in person by compliance experts, the training for high-risk functions will ensure SNC-Lavalin employees have the requisite tools to do business according to the utmost ethical standards, no matter what regulatory circumstances they find themselves in, or external parties they are in contact with. An Amnesty Program launched between June 3 and August 31 of this year. The Program provided employees with an opportunity to come forward regarding ethical violations so that any remaining issues could be dealt with and rapidly resolved. A otal of 32 employees made amnesty requests. While no new information of a material nature was revealed, the information the Company received did confirm its previous assessment of corruption risks. Other recommendations that SNC Lavalin might want to consider: Obligations to report on all meetings with any official of a government, and ask to produce a detailed sum up of the discussions Strengthening and improving internal controls and processes: make sure all financials transactions are properly recorded and approved by the CEO and Compliant Officer.