How The Beliefs, Values And Attitudes Of The Nurse May Impact Upon The Provision Of Person-centred Care - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2431 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Medicine Essay Type Critical essay Level High school Did you like this example? Provide a critical analysis of how the beliefs, values and attitudes of the nurse may impact upon the provision of person-centred care Introduction The person-centred care approach focuses holistically on the patient as an individual, rather than their diagnosis or symptoms, and ensures that their needs and choices are heard and respected. According to Draper Tetley (2013: n.p.), person-centred care is defined as an approach to nursing that focuses on the individuals personal needs, wants, desires and goals, so that they become central to their care and the nursing process. This can mean putting the persons needs, as they define them, above those identified as priorities by healthcare professionals. Theoretically, this is an achievable aim à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" nursesas a matter of principle should provide care that respects the diversity of the values, needs, choices and preferences of those in their care à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" but how can any incongruity between the values, beliefs and attitudes of the patient and those of the nurse be reconciled? Is it inevitable that this dissonance will have a negative impact on the quality of person-centred care being provided? This essay will examine the beliefs, values and attitudes of nurses planning and delivering person-centred care, and the impact these issues can have on the provision of that care. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How The Beliefs, Values And Attitudes Of The Nurse May Impact Upon The Provision Of Person-centred Care" essay for you Create order Nurses are expected to practice in a caring, knowledgeable, professional, courteous and non-judgemental manner, and the majority do this as a matter of principle, displaying unconditional positive regard for their patients at all times. However, values, beliefs and attitudes are, of course, subjective to each individual, and in the context of delivering person-centred nursing care, it is important to identify those that are holistic and therapeutic, rather than focussing only on those that are not. According to Brink Skott (2013), some diagnoses lead to preconceptions about the individuals receiving them, which subsequently negatively influence their care and treatment. This can be particularly evident in the case of mental illness, which is often mired in stigma, fear, ignorance and discrimination. Research undertaken by Chambers et al (2010: pp. 350) found that Stigma on the part of mental health professionals affects the quality of care provided for those with mental health problems, as well as their rates of recovery. Although nurses working within the field of mental health will obviously have more developed skills and knowledge in this subject than those in other specialities of nursing, it is not inconceivable that nurses may harbour some preconceptions about mental illnesses and those diagnosed with them, which may impact on how positively they deliver care to those patients. Those requiring treatment for alcohol abuse or substance misuse may also experience a less empathetic experience in the care of nurses, who may feel that the condition is self-inflicted, or that resources may be better utilised elsewhere. This attitude may be even more prevalent in cases of liver transplant due to alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver, when there may be a misplaced belief that another recipient is more deserving of the organ. Other morbidities which can be perceived as having a self-inflicted element (e.g. obesity, smoking-related illnesses, type-II diabetes, add ictions) also have the potential to be perceived negatively by nursing staff, who may lack an appropriate level of empathy and compassion, or make assumptions and pre-conceptions about these patients based on their diagnoses. In a similar manner, patients attempting suicide or deliberately self-harming, may experience stigma, a lack of sympathy and a lack of understanding from nursing staff, especially if the nurse managing their care is also involved in the care of patients suffering from serious illnesses or conditions. Caring for patients attending accident and emergency departments due to para-suicide or deliberate self-harm can evoke extremely negative emotions and attitudes amongst the nursing staff caring for them. Nurses working with such patients report experiencing high levels of ambivalence and frustration. Additionally, deliberately self-harming patients may evoke negative attitudes such as anxiety, anger, and lack of empathy (Ouzouni Nakakis 2013). A suicidal patien t voicing their desire to end their life is expressing a wish. However, in the context of person-centred care, it would be difficult to agree that this wish should be considered as a person-centred need. This could be a source of conflict, difficulty and dissonance as balancing the needs and wishes of the patient in this situation, contradicts entirely the nurses duty of care. In such circumstances, it could be argued that the care provided cannot be person-centred, as it is not in line with the patients wishes. Obviously it would be neither legal nor ethical for the nurse to allow a suicidal patient to actively attempt to end their life whilst under their care, or to comply with the patients wishes not to receive treatment if suicide had been attempted. Similar ethical considerations may also influence the treatment of patients undergoing procedures to terminate pregnancy, and may negatively influence the extent to which the care received by the patient is truly person-centred. There have been well-documented cases of nurses refusing to assist with these procedures, or to treat patients who have undergone them post-operatively. Predominantly such cases arise due to a conflict with the religious beliefs, moral convictions and ethical stance of the nurses being asked to assist with these procedures. The Nursing Midwifery Council (2015) states that Nurses and midwives must at all times keep to the principles contained within The Code: Professional standards of practice and behaviour of nurses and midwives (2015: n.p.). This code states that nurses and midwives who have a conscientious objection must tell colleagues, their manager and the person receiving care that they have a conscientious objection to a particular procedure. They must arrange for a suitably qualified colleague to take over responsibility for that persons care. Nurses and midwives may lawfully have conscientious objections in two areas only. Firstly, Article 4(1) of the Abortion Act 1967 (Scotland, England and Wales). This provision allows nurses and midwives to refuse to participate in the process of treatment which results in the termination of a pregnancy because they have a conscientious objection, except where it is necessary to save the life or prevent grave permanent injury to the physical or mental health of a pregnant woman. Secondly, Article 38 of the Human and Fertilisation and Embryology Act (1990). This provision allows nurses and midwives the right to refuse to participate in technological procedures to achieve conception and pregnancy because they have a conscientious objection. This is a highly contentious and emotive issue, and one which attracts much ongoing debate and argument, and is significant as it can be asked at what point does a nurses own beliefs and values take precedence over their responsibility and duty to care for their patients needs, whatever they might be? Should nurses be permitted to refuse to participate in care procedures that contradict their values or beliefs, or to refuse to provide care to those they deem undeserving? Does this set a worrying precedent for other contentious procedures to be added to the list (gender reassignment surgery for example)? It could be argued that the nurses first responsibility should be their duty of care to their patient, and this surely requires them to take a holistic and person-centred view; a view that should not be clouded by the nurses own values system or moral standpoint. The aspects of person-centred care discussed so far in this essay have been those of a contentious and perhaps, more exceptional nature. However, the more routine, day-to-day aspects of nursing are also susceptible to the influence of nurses values, beliefs and attitudes negatively impacting on the quality of person-centred care provision. Giving patients a greater degree of autonomy over their care can lead to some discord as nurses may feel that their professional expertise is being disregar ded, and may be concerned that patients informed opinions and decisions about their care may be detrimental to recovery or good health. This could lead to nurses adopting a didactic attitude in the belief that they know best, when the patient is equally certain that their decision is the right one for them. Nurses must always ensure that they are viewing the patient as a whole person, and not merely an illness or condition to be treated or managed, as this can lead to ambivalence as nurses attempt to reconcile their desire to deliver effective, evidenced-based care, knowing that patients stated wishes or preferences are contrary to this aim. However, if the patient is deemed to have capacity to make informed decisions about their care and treatment, with all the facts at their disposal, nurses must accept this if good, person-centred care is to be delivered (NHS Choices 2014). In the event that the patient does not have the capacity to make informed decisions (e.g. patients sufferin g from more advanced forms of dementia), then any known pre-morbid preferences and choices should be documented and adhered to where this is practicable. There is always a danger that individuals with dementia receive care that is task-orientated rather than person-centred. Again, nurses may make assumptions regarding what is best for the patient, rather than respecting their choices and preferences. One of the easiest ways to ensure that care is person-centred is to gather collateral about each patient prior to care or treatment commencing, so a more rounded picture can be formed. This is particularly important when dealing with people from diverse cultural backgrounds, as lack of cultural understanding and tolerance can lead to damaging misconceptions, misunderstandings and unintentional offence, which will not engender good person-centred care. Having some knowledge of patients history and background prior to treatment can be a useful tool in terms of developing appropriate ca re. The flip-side to this however is that unhelpful stereotypes or prejudices may be formed by nursing staff, based on the current or historical background of the patient. Gender (including gender identify), race, age, religious affiliation, employment status, marital status, and educational and socio-economic background can lead to assumptions (both positive and negative) being formed by nursing staff. Whilst the majority of nurses will treat their patients with unconditional positive regard and courtesy, regardless of issues that may be at odds with their own beliefs, values and attitudes, there will always be a minority who will be affected by such issues, and who will allow it to influence the care they provide. The scale of this issue is difficult to quantify, due to a lack of available evidence-based research, but it could be said that one nurse whose attitude negatively impacts on person-centred care is one nurse too many. Conclusion We have explored some of the more contentious issues that can and do arise when nurses beliefs, values and attitudes do not correspond with those of their patients, and have examined the potential impact this can have on the quality of person-centred care provided. As little research has been carried out into this subject, it is not possible to quantify the scale of the problem, nor to accurately identify where it is most prevalent. However, it is safe to say that the dichotomy between delivering truly person-centred care, whilst reconciling challenges to the nurses own core beliefs and values is not one easily solved. Modern nurses are extensively trained and highly skilled professionals, with a wider remit and range of responsibilities than their predecessors. They are however fundamentally human, with the same character flaws and failings as anyone else. It is a completely human trait to be influenced by the information we perceive or receive about others, and everyone has innat e beliefs and value systems and, whether we like it or not, innate prejudices. Although it would seem logical that professional nurses have a well-developed sense of understanding and equality, they also deal with a magnitude of very diverse people on a daily basis, generally having very limited time with each. Despite this, the majority of nurses deliver excellent, patient-focussed and person-centred care as a matter of course. Unfortunately there will always be a minority who do not. Nurse education programmes are constantly evolving to meet the shifting demands of health care, so it can only be hoped that recognising, challenging and improving unhelpful attitudes becomes an accepted part of nurse education, and becomes core to person-centred care provision. References/Bibliography: Baker J., Richards A. Campbell M. (2005). Nursing attitudes towards acute mental health care: development of a measurement tool. Journal of Advances Nursing. (49) (5) pp. 522-529. Brink E. Skott C. (2013). Caring about symptoms in person-centred care. Open Journal of Nursing (3) pp. 563-567. Chambers M., Guise V., VÃÆ' ¤limÃÆ' ¤ki M., Botelho M., Scott A., StaniulienÃÆ' © V. Zanotti R. (2010). Nurses attitudes to mental illness: A comparison of a sample of nurses from five European countries. International Journal of Nursing Studies. (47) (3) pp. 350-362. Dorsen C. (2012). An integrative review of nurse attitudes towards lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender patients. The Canadian Journal of Nursing Research. (44) (3) pp. 8-43. Draper J. Tetley J. (2013). The importance of person-centred approaches to nursing care. The Open University. (Online). Available: https://www.open.edu/openlearn/body-mind/health/nursing/the-Importance-person-centred-approaches-nur sing-care. Last accessed 4 April 2015. Flagg A. (2015). The Role of Patient-Centered Care in Nursing. Nursing Clinics of North America. (50) (1) pp. 75-86. Hunter P., Hadjistavropoulos T., Smythe W., Malloy D., Kaasalainen S. Williams J. (2013). The Personhood in Dementia Questionnaire (PDQ): Establishing an association between beliefs about personhood and health providers approaches to person-centred care. Journal of Aging Studies. (27) (3) pp. 276-287. N.H.S. U.K. (2014). Consent to Treatment. N.H.S. Choices (Online). Available: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/consent-to-treatment/pages/introduction.aspx. Last accessed 5 Apr 2015 N.H.S. U.K. (2014). Assessing Capacity. N.H.S. Choices (Online). Available: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/consent-to-treatment/pages/capacity.aspx. Last accessed 5 Apr 2015. N.M.C. (2015). Conscientious objection by nurses and midwives. Nursing Midwifery Council (Online). Available: https://www.nmc-uk.org/The-Code/Conscientious-objection-by -nurses-and-midwives-/. Last accessed 5 Apr 2015. Ouzouni C. Nakakis K. (2013). Nurses attitudes towards attempted suicide. Health Science Journal. (7) (1) pp. 120. Roberts G., Morley C., Walters W., Malta S. Doyle C. (2015). Caring for people with dementia in residential aged care: Successes with a composite person-centered care model featuring Montessori-based activities. Geriatric Nursing. (36) (2) pp.106-110. UK Government. (1967). Abortion Act 1967 (Scotland, England and Wales). The National Archives. (Online). Available: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1967/87. Last accessed 5 Apr 2015. UK Government. (1990). Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990. The National Archives. (Online). Available: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1990/37/section/38. Last accessed 5 Apr 2015. Wood L., Birtel M., Alsawy S., Pyle M. Morrison A. (2014). Public perceptions of stigma towards people with schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety. Psychiatry Research. (220) (1-2 ), pp. 604-608. Yun-e L., Norman I. While A. (2012). Nurses attitudes towards older people: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies. (50) (9) pp.1271à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"1282.

The end - 6477 Words

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The Atrocities and Liberation of Concentration Camps

The Atrocities and Liberation of Concentration Camps If you combine sadistic Nazi soldiers, a license to kill, and twenty-six million people whom they took their aggression out on, you have the Holocaust. From torture to murder, the concentration camp prisoners experienced almost every despicably, inhumane act one can imagine. Hitler s Nazis will never be able to justify this ultimate example of cruelty and unfairness. Although the Holocaust occurred nearly seventy years ago, the world will never fail to remember the horrible acts that were committed against millions of innocent people in concentration camps. Whether the camps establishments were for labor purposes, or simply because Hitler†¦show more content†¦Next, every bit of their hair was shaved off with electric razors and shearing machines. That hair was used to make clothing that the guards and their dogs would wear. 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Conflict Resolution At Blessing Hospital - 1431 Words

Conflict Resolution at Blessing Hospital Conflict occurs in every setting of everyday life. Whether it is between a co-worker, someone that is seen in passing, or even with a complete stranger. Most of the time, resolution will occur with a conflict, in order to de-escalate the situation, especially in a health care setting. This helps the outcome for those involved, along with the care that is provided to patients. As simple-minded as it may sound, some conflicts are not resolved, which in turn, affects the care that is provided to patients within the hospital setting. Conflicts occur in stages, involve collaboration to resolve, and need rationale in order to help everyone overcome them. Types and Stages of Conflicts Conflicts can†¦show more content†¦Conflict occurs in different stages. According to Finkelman, (2013) there is felt conflict, latent conflict, perceived conflict, and manifested conflict. Latent conflict involved anticipation of conflict. Perceived conflict is a stage that requires recognition that a conflict exists while felt conflict occurs when individuals have feelings about conflict. Manifest conflict occurs when the conflict is overt. The mentioned example showed a true definition of a felt conflict. Both Nurse A and B became emotional and anticipated the conflict. They both went on with their plans, feeling upset and angered about the conflict that had occurred. The attitudes and anger clung with the nurses and it was very evident throughout the rest of the shift. Patient care was lessened on night shift due to the lack of communication between the nurses and aid. Nurse A left work mad and carried her mood home to her family. Resolving Conflict With Collaboration Collaboration, especially in this situation could have caused both nurses and the aid to avoid the conflict all together. 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Walls Book Review Free Essays

THEO 330-D03 Walls â€Å"Do you ever have the feeling that you are missing out on something important? † Ryan starts. â€Å"It’s Probably because you are. † (Loc. We will write a custom essay sample on Walls Book Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now 247) Many of us are missing out on all God has for our life. What is keeping us from living the life God intends? Walls– separating us from the greatness God has destined for us. We get stuck plateauing in our spiritual progress, seeming to come to a screeching halt with our growth in the Lord. This is the issue Rush begins to portray in his book, Walls. Rush paints a wonderful picture of how we, as Christians, are to live authentic lives. He provides much Biblical insight in this book to help us break the walls holding us back. We might overcome these stumbling blocks by learning to trust and chase after our Creator with all we have. Only then, He will begin to unveil His plan and promises. One of the greatest quotes of this book, is Ryan’s definition of a wall. He describes them as, â€Å"an unhealthy mind-set that keeps you from living life as God has intended. † (Loc. 453) These bricks, slowly laid down over time, can consist of negative thoughts, sins, doubts, and bitterness against our God. There are no quick fixes in breaking these walls. He says that we need decision, self-control, and a plan in order to get through. In order to break the wall, Rush describes, we need to be able to recognize that the wall is there. Throughout the book, Rush does a great job and telling the people what to do. He really lays down plans and ideas that can get you closer to breaking through. He gives us many tools and actions to help us. We are told to make a plan, to have self-control, and make decisions to break the walls. Rush really emphasizes on the different types of walls we might see. He names almost a dozen different walls and how we are stuck behind them. He always ended with emphasis on our decision is what keeps us locked up behind them. â€Å"Everybody is stuck, but nobody has to be,† he names the chapter. One of the only issues, that I had found, was we were not given specific instruction about how to use these tools. He tells us we need to plan, but unfortunately, we do not se how to formulate such a plan. He tells us to use a hammer, but we do not know the specifics to using it. He gives us the keys to use the wrecking ball, but we receive no instruction to operate the crane. Without knowing how to operate the equipment, we are very unlikely to excavate these barriers–especially if you are the type-a kind of person. We need detailed instruction on how we are to begin the process, continue the process, and end the process of demolition. The positive aspect of this, would be that each reader has to learn from experience on how to succeed. We typically cannot cross these barriers in such short time. Applying this book to my life has been a great experience. I have been struggling much with different walls in my life. Pride has definitely been one of the most prevalent in my observation. I see that over time, I have built a wall brick by brick. Creating these barriers do not usually happen overnight, but they seem to be a progressive construction– they take quite a bit of time. I just remember, in my own life, that after a year of keeping my guard down, I looked up and saw a giant wall that I never realized was there. If we aren’t careful, then we will slowly build a wall that can keep us enclosed for way too long and seem near impossible to break through. What we need to realize, is that we have to see that the wall is there and that you built it. This was one of the hardest steps for me. We have to decide to tear down the wall. This is a ton of work! Unfortunately, if you begin to procrastinate the demolition, there is a good chance that the wall will continue to grow. We can’t just start hitting the wall with a hammer; we have to plan the demolition. If we just swing aimlessly, there is a slim chance that we will knock it down. We have to know where to hit, what to use, and how to prevent it from building back. Throughout this book, I have learned much about demolition that I have used in my own life. I am so glad that I was blessed to read this book; it was a great help! How to cite Walls Book Review, Essay examples

External Environment Analysis of Airline Industry free essay sample

Demographic 1. Age Elders aged 50 and above tend to have more time to travel around with their friends as they had already retired. The time is more flexible comparing with young generation-working groups and students. Working groups and students can only travel during holidays. 2. Education When the people are more educated; they have the ability to get more income. Therefore, they will be more affordable to travel. 3. Occupation Employees who work in multinational company often travel to other countries for the business purpose could be the important customer in airline industry. 4. PopulationHigh interest rate in a country encourages people to save money in the bank to gain a high interest return. People will travel less when the interest rate is high; inversely, people will travel more when the interest rate is low. 5. Gross Domestic Production (GDP) High GDP indicates high income of a country. People will likely travelling when their country has a higher GDP. We will write a custom essay sample on External Environment Analysis of Airline Industry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Social cultural 1. Races People will travel back home country to celebrate their own festivals such as Deepavali, Christmas, Chinese New Year and etc.Thus, it increases the sale transactions for airline industry during different festivals. 2. Exchange of sociocultural Nowadays, people tends to exchange sociocultural through networking. Hence, they also invite friends to visit their home countries. For instance, student from China will invite friends in Malaysia travelling in China. 3. Weather/ Season The various weathers/ seasons around the world prompt the visit from other countries. For example, Malaysian attracted by the different season in European as Malaysia is a tropical country. 4. Changes in lifestyleIn pace with the improvement of lifestyle, people incline to travel instead of striving to save money to guarantee their future in the past forty years. Political/Legal 1. Fuel subsidy Fuel subsidies provided by government will affect the price of airline tickets. Malaysia Government cuts the fuel subsidies will increase the cost of travelling. Hence, it will reduce the demand for airline services. 2. Flight requirement Government participates in regulating airfares range and sets flyable destination for airlines in order to control the competition.For example, in order to operate airline business, AirAsia Airline, MAS Airline and other airlines have to meet certain flight requirement. 3. Government requirement Every country has their own requirement to the immigrants or tourists. For example, it might be difficult to get a working visa or travelling visa of United States as the government sets policies. This reduced tourists from visiting United States. Technological 1. In-Flight Technology High-tech device provided to passengers is one of the issues that may influence the airline industry.For example, power outlets, in-flight internet, satellite phone services are provided by United Airlines to the passengers, especially business passengers will increase the interest of consumers. 2. Websites Internet is an essential tool of browsing and accessing information. The services such as online-booking, checking-in online, check flight available time online and etc. are the basic facility that an airline must provide to their passengers. 3. Modern AircraftIn order to provide comfortable seats to passengers, the model of planes should be keep modernized. It may also load more passengers with modern aircraft. Global 1. Health Issue Health issue in a country might affect local airlines businesses. For example, International Air Transport Association had reported there are 10% reduced in the number of air passengers worldwide due to the influenza A H1N1. 2. International Governmental Issue Diplomatic relations between countries, stability of local government are also the element influencing the airline industry.For example, demonstration in Bangkok, Thailand had harmed the safety of tourist; the tension between South Korea and North Korea become the considerations of visiting. Physical Environment 1. Natural Disaster Natural disaster such as the Japan hit by 8. 9 magnitude earthquakes and the high radiation released become the primary consideration for people who plan to travel to Japan. It would seriously affect the airline tickets to Japan. 2. Location The airports normally located near metropolitan city, which the strategic location could bring convenience to the customers.

Mortgage Broker Real Estate Investment

Question: Discuss about the Mortgage Broker for Real Estate Investment. Answer: Borrowers Details Andrew Bisset and Jane Bisset Andrew has been in the Real Estate business for more than twenty years. Jointly with his wife Jane, the couple have a family trust The Bisset Family Trust. This family trust owns six shops at 55 Park Road, Belmont, valued at $1,450,000 about two years ago. Currently, these shops are under pledge with ABZ Bank and the trust owes $625,000 to the bank. Five of these shops are rented out and the sixth one is occupied by Andrew from where he conducts his real estate business under the name Bissets Real Estate Pty. Ltd, say Baum Baum, (2015). Andrew draws an annual salary of $78,000 from the company but Jane has stopped active participation in the business from this financial year. In the previous financial year, when Andrew and Hooper were partners, Jane worked as Property Manager drawing an annual salary of $43,000, whereas Andrew got $55,000 as his share from the partnership business, as per Baum Baum, (2015). Background Bissets Real Estate Pty. Ltd. This company was floated by Andrew at the beginning of last financial year. Andrew and Jane are the two directors and this came into being after Andrews former partner Joseph Hooper retired out of the partnership business. Andrew has more than 22 years of experience in the real estate business and during this period he has been dealing in properties in the South East area of Brisbane, assert Erp Akkermans (ed.), (2012). His speciality is in the Commercial and Industrial properties, both for rent as well as sale assistance, though the rent component is more than 75%. The existing six shops which the Bissets now own in the Shopping Centre situated at 55 Park Road, Belmont QLD 4171 have a combined area of 1850 m2 and the area has been zoned as Commercial by the authorities. Presently, these six shops are rented out, the details of the contract, the tenants and their terms are listed below. Although the terms of tenancy are, in all cases, above one year, Andrew has put a clause of revie wing the rents every year in accordance with CPI, as detailed by McFarlane, Hopkins Nield, (2012). Tenant Rent Term Review J R Blend T/A Blend News $22,000 pa net 3 + 3 years Annually by CPI Copelin Accounting Pty Ltd $18,000 pa net 1 + 1 + 1 years Annually by CPI R Spragos T/A Rogers Dell $28,000 pa net 5 + 5 years Annually by CPI Vu Nguyen T/A Care Pharmacy $20,000 pa net 3 + 3 years Annually by CPI M Goodson T/A Good Alterations $8,000 pa net 3 + 3 years Annually by CPI Bissets Real Estate Pty Ltd $42,000 pa net 3 + 3 years Annually by CPI Loan Purpose The main purpose of availing this loan by the Bissets is to develop a shopping centre on a vacant piece of land admeasuring 3000 m2 which is close to the commercial centre where they already own six shops. Although the land is presently marked as Special Purpose Zone, the local council in its new development policy has agreed to mark it as Commercial Purpose Zone but it may take another two years for the policy to be notified. The Bissets have already have a commercial loan from their regular banker, the ABZ Bank but unfortunately ABZ Bank does not finance properties marked under the Special Purpose Zone. Hence, Bissets approached me to make arrangements with a private investor for a loan of $625,000 to purchase this land which they have contracted for $600,000 and whose settlement is due in 60 days. Bissets also require $25,000 to cover the cost of stamp duty and will be buying the land in the name of The Bisset family Trust, as explained by McFarlane, Hopkins Nield, (2012). Facility Details I have outlined below the process for arranging the finance for meeting the requirements of my clients. The timing of the whole process will depend on the flow and availability of information and provided the lender does not find any complexity in the contract documents, the process can be completed in about 7 working days to get approval of unconditional finance. A further time of one week is required for preparing the loan contract and settlement to be ready, asserts Hinkel, (2010). Process Provide the clients with the Proposal Documents, including my recommendations. Complete the application and submit it to the lender. After the Lender has conducted the credit check and assessed the application, it will confirm its approval and accordingly I will inform the client The lender will ask for a valuation report from a valuer and will advise me or you directly, to expect a call from the valuer for verification of contract documents, asserts King, (2015). As soon as the Valuer gives the report and it is found in order by the lender, the lender will advise to prepare documents for the disbursal of the loan amount. Subsequently, I will meet you and we will go through the loan approval documents in order to ensure that there are no errors. We will prepare answers to queries, if any, posed by the lender and then will sign the contract document, with you as the borrowers and I acting as the witness, as per King, (2015). Funds Position Andrew and Jane Bissets Joint Financial Information ASSETS Owned house 12 Currumbin Close, Carindale QLD $560,000 Share Portfolio of Blue Chip Listed Cos. $345,000 Motor Vehicles $60,000 Furniture $85,000 Cash at Bank $45,000 Total Assets $1,095,000 LIABILITIES Home Loan with ABZ Bank $190,000 ABZ Bank Credit Card (with limit of $20,000) $10,000 Total Liabilities $200,000 NET SURPLUS $895,000 Income Statement of Bissets Real Estate (Partnership) Gross Revenue $422,000 Net Profit $84,000 Depreciation $16,000 Directors Super Contribution $11,000 Income Statement of Bissets Real Estate Pty Ltd Gross Revenue $346,000 Net Profit $72,000 Depreciation $14,000 Directors Super Contribution $11,000 Income Statement of Bissets Family Trust Gross Rental Income $138,000 Loan Interest $52,000 Management Fees (paid to Bissets Real Estate Pty Ltd $11,000 Net Profit $50,000 Depreciation $25,000 Financial Position of Bissets Real Estate Pty Ltd ASSETS Business Goodwill $250,000 Plant Equipment $35,000 Debtors $30,000 Total Assets $315,000 LIBILITIES ABZ Bank Overdraft Limit $25,000 (Limit of $40,000 secured by residence) NET SURPLUS $290,000 Servicing Capacity The serviceability calculations have taken into consideration the Debt Servicing Ratio and the Net Cash Position of the companies and finds them strong enough for servicing the fresh loan. The Bissets are taking this loan to expand their property network. The conversion of this land will be possible in about 24 months and the Bissets are prepared to wait. Keeping the lending policies of the lenders in view, the serviceability assessment of Bissets has been done by taking into account the lower income options, as explained by Megarry et al, (2012). Security Bissets are offering their six shops as well as the new project which they will develop on the purchased land as collateral security for the borrowed amount. Calculating on the basis of 10% interest charged by the lender, the outgo of the Bissets will be $60,000 p.a. on the new loan. Taking into account their current rental income and also the proposed income from the new project, serviceability of the loan will not be difficult for the Bissets, as per Sexton Bogusz, (2013). Risk Assessment The Bissets have a long and successful history of managing a property business and have established a solid base of clients who will offer them a steady flow of business, as detailed by Ashworth Perera, (2015). Recommendations This recommendation is based on the Bissets having An impeccable credit history A reliable business practice Retain sufficient cash surplus The potential to increase business income Maintained a stable growth Attachments Documents Attached Serviceability Assessment Copy of Contract Document for the land Evidence of Bissets income Details of Bissets cash and bank Detailed statements of Bissets loan and overdraft from ABZ Bank Mortgage broker Part a: the client MEMO Date: 27/06/2016 From: John Stone, Mortgage Broker To: Ray Henley and Steve Manning, Directors in Henman Holdings Pty. Ltd. Subject: Commercial Equipment Finance: Information and Documents Required Hi Ray Steve, I am pleased to accept my appointment as your agent for arranging finance to purchase commercial equipment for your business expansion. Ive listed below my requirement of supporting documents and information to complete the loan application. Asset Liability Statements of the companies in which you are the directors. Copy of your drivers licence Current residential address and period there Previous residential address(if any) and period there Name of spouses their age and number Number of dependents Details of other personal or investment income Copies of your and the trading entities past two years tax returns ACN ABN details of both companies Copy of Trust Deed and Trust ABN details Accountant name and address Solicitor name address Evidence of cash at bank and fund sources Evidence of Superannuation funds Copies of other existing leases I am including my financing recommendations and the process to be followed for your kind perusal and consideration, as ascertained by King, (2015). Proposal Document Initial Fact Find The applicants are in the transport business for many years, each having served as Financial Controller of transport companies of repute. Ray hold a MBA degree and Steve has a Marketing degree. Ray is married to a school teacher and Steve is single. Both have no dependents. Steve is pursuing a degree in HR, which they think shall be useful in their expanding business, asserts Hinkel, (2010). They wish to purchase new Trucks and Dog Trailers for their planned expansion and have already taken a second depot on a monthly charge of $6,000. The Process I have outlined below the process for arranging the finance for your fresh requirements. The timing of the whole process will depend on the flow and availability of information from your end. Provided the lender does not find any complexity in the contract documents, the process can be completed in about 7 working days for giving approval of the unconditional finance. A further time of one week is required for preparing the loan contract and settlement to be ready, as detailed by McFarlane, Hopkins Nield, (2012). Provide the clients with the Proposal Documents, including my recommendations. Complete the application and submit it to the lender. After the Lender has conducted the credit check, assessed the application, it will confirm its approval and accordingly I or my office will inform you. The lender will ask a valuer for the valuation report and will advise me or you directly, to expect a call from the valuer for verification of documents. As soon as the valuer gives the report and it is found in order by the lender, he will immediately advise me about the unconditional approval of the loan amount and I shall pass this advice immediately to you. Subsequently, I will meet you and we jointly go through the unconditional loan approval contract documents in order to ensure that there are no errors. We will prepare answers to any queries, if posed by the lender and then will sign the contract document, with you as the borrowers and I acting as the witness, as per King, (2015). Part B: The Lender Borrowers Details Ray Henman and Steve Manning are directors of Henman Transport Pty. Ltd., a company engaged in the business of transportation. They have recently floated Henman Holdings Pty. Ltd ATF The Henman Discretionary Trust which will be the holding company of the transport business being run by Henman Transport Pty. Ltd. and will be the borrowing company for the new finance facility being asked for expansion, assert Megarry et al, (2012). Background The company, floated two years ago, with seed capital loan of $500,000 from a private investor, already maintains a depot, employs 5 permanent employees and takes the services of sub-contractors for extra manpower requirements, as per Megarry et al, (2012). Borrowers Financial Information Year 1 Sales $700,000 Net Profit $240,000 Year 2 Sales $812,000 Net Profit $358,000 Current Year (10 month period) Sales $1,125,000 Net Profit $506,000 Operating Costs Annual salary to Ray $100,000 (fully franked) Annual salary to Steve $100,000 (fully franked) Depreciation $86,000 Interest $52,000 Sub-Contractors $71,000 Directors Super Contribution $60,000 Annual Fee to Private Investor $45,000 Existing Equipment Repayments $5,000 (Per Month) Borrowers Finance Requirement $500,000 for buying new Trucks and Dog Trailers. The loan will be repayable in 48 months with full refund of Input GST Credits as additional repayments specified in the contract, assert Sexton Bogusz, (2013). Borrowers Security Borrowers will be offering the new equipment being bought as collateral security for the borrowed amount. In addition, the borrowers are agreeable to enter into a tripartite contract for sharing their receipts with the lender through an Escrow Account, as detailed by Erp Akkermans (ed.), (2012). Borrowers Serviceability The borrowers are expanding their service network so that an impending risk in one market segment does not affect their business potential. The purchase of new equipment will be spread over a period of 12 months and is intended to take place on a need basis or where an existing equipment needs to be replaced. Keeping the lending policies of the lenders in view, the serviceability assessment has been based taking into account the lower income options. The serviceability calculations have taken into consideration the Debt Servicing Ratio and the Net Cash Position of the companies and finds them strong enough for servicing the fresh loan, explain Baum Baum, (2015). Risk Assessment The borrowers have been in the transport for a long period and have established a solid base of clients offering them a steady flow of business. The promoters have also been cautious in averting financial risks by keeping their employee strength to the minimum and taking the services of sub-contractors on a need basis, say Ashworth Perera, (2015). Recommendation This recommendation is based on the borrowers having impeccable credit history good past business experience retain sufficient cash surplus the potential to increase business income maintained a stable growth Documents Attached Serviceability Assessment Copy of Performa Invoices Evidence of the borrowers incomes Details of borrowers cash and bank Details of borrowers recent credit card statement List of References Ashworth, A. and Perera, S. 2015, Cost Studies of Buildings (6th ed.). Routledge, Oxon. Baum, A. and Baum, Prof A. (2015) Real Estate Investment: A Strategic Approach (3rd ed.). Routledge, Oxon. Erp, S. van and Akkermans, B. (ed.). 2012, Cases, Materials and Text on Property Law. Bloomsbury Publishing, London. Hinkel, D. F. 2010, Practical Real Estate Law (6th ed.). Cengage Learning, Boca Raton, FL. King, S. 2015, Beginning Land Law. Routledge, Oxon. McFarlane, B., Hopkins, N. and Nield, S. 2012, Land Law: Text, Cases, and Materials. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Megarry, R., Wade, W., Harpum, C., Bridge, S. and Dixon, M. J. 2012, The Law of Real Property (8th ed). Sweet Maxwell, New York. Sexton, R. and Bogusz, B. 2013, Complete Land Law: Text, Cases, and Materials. Oxford University Press, Oxford.